Document Type : Original Article
Author
Department of Photonics, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
Abstract
There are many claims that quantum mechanics plays a key role in the origin and/or operation of biological organisms. The mechanism of the meiosis, mitosis and gametes life cycle from the view-point of quantum for human has been represented. The quantum gates have been used to simulate these processes for the first time. The reason of several hundred sperms has been explained in the male too
Keywords
Beck, F., & Eccles, J. C. (1992). Quantum aspects of brain activity and the role of consciousness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89: 11357-11362.
Bennett, C. H., Bessette, F., Brassard, G., Salvail, L., & Smolin, J. (1990). Experimental quantum cryptographyJournal of Cryptology. 5: 3-28.
Davies, P. C. W. (2004a). Does quantum mechanics play a non-trivial role in life?.Biosystems. 78: 69-79.
Davies, P. C. W. (2004b). Emergent biological principles and the computational properties of the universe. Complexity. 10: 11-15.
Davies, P. C. W. (2004c). The origin of life I: When and where did it begin?. Science Progress. 8: 1-25.
Einstein, A., Podolskym B., & Rosen, N. (1935). Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete?. Physical Review. 47: 777-780.
Frolich, H. (1975). The extraordinary dielectric properties of biological materials and the action of enzymes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 72: 4211-4215.
Hameroff, S. R., & Penrose, R. (1994). Quantum coherence in microtubules: a neural basis for emergent consciousness?. Journal of Consciousness Studies. 1: 98–118.
Hameroff, S. R., & Penrose, R. (1996). Orchestrated reduction of quantum coherence in brain microtubules: A model for consciousness. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. 40: 453-480.
Hameroff, S. R. (2004). A new theory of the origin of cancer: quantum coherent entanglement, centrioles, mitosis, and differentiation. BioSystems. 77: 119-136.
Hameroff, S. R. (2006). Quantum mechanics in the brain. Nature. 440: 611-612.
Matsuno, K. (2000). Is there biology of quantum information?. Biosystems. 55: 39-46.
Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. (2002). Quantum Computation and Quantum Information.the Edinburgh Building. Cambridge.
Paintrand, M., Moudjou M., Delacroix, H., & Bornens, M. (1992). Centrosome organization and centriole architecture: their sensitivity to divalent cations. Journal of Structural Biology. 108: 107–128.
Patel, A. (2000). Quantum algorithms and the genetic code. Pramana - Journal of Physics. 56: 365–380.
Patel, A. (2001). Testing quantum dynamics in genetic information processing. Journal of Genetics. 80: 39-43.
Popp, F. A. (1998). Biophotons and Their Regulatory Role in Cells. Frontier Perspectives. 7: 13-22.
Popp, F. A., & Yan, Y. (2002). Delayed Luminescence of biological systems in terms of coherent states. Physics Letters A. 293: 93-97.
Rieth, M., Schommersm W. (2007). Handbook of theoretical and Computational Nanotechnology. American Scientific. California.
Shojaie, F., & Dehestani, M. (2010). The simulation of virus life cycle with quantum gates. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 40: 359–362.
Vedral, P. (2003). Entanglement hits the big time. Nature. 425:, 28-29.
Wootters, W. K., & Zurek, W. H. (1982). A single quantum cannot be cloned. Nature. 299: 802-804.
Zak, M. (2007). Physics of Life from First Principles. Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics 4 (EJTP). 16: 11-96.
Zeilinger, A. A. (1999). foundational principle for Quantum Mechanics. Foundations of Physics. 29: 631-643.
Bennett, C. H., Bessette, F., Brassard, G., Salvail, L., & Smolin, J. (1990). Experimental quantum cryptographyJournal of Cryptology. 5: 3-28.
Davies, P. C. W. (2004a). Does quantum mechanics play a non-trivial role in life?.Biosystems. 78: 69-79.
Davies, P. C. W. (2004b). Emergent biological principles and the computational properties of the universe. Complexity. 10: 11-15.
Davies, P. C. W. (2004c). The origin of life I: When and where did it begin?. Science Progress. 8: 1-25.
Einstein, A., Podolskym B., & Rosen, N. (1935). Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete?. Physical Review. 47: 777-780.
Frolich, H. (1975). The extraordinary dielectric properties of biological materials and the action of enzymes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 72: 4211-4215.
Hameroff, S. R., & Penrose, R. (1994). Quantum coherence in microtubules: a neural basis for emergent consciousness?. Journal of Consciousness Studies. 1: 98–118.
Hameroff, S. R., & Penrose, R. (1996). Orchestrated reduction of quantum coherence in brain microtubules: A model for consciousness. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. 40: 453-480.
Hameroff, S. R. (2004). A new theory of the origin of cancer: quantum coherent entanglement, centrioles, mitosis, and differentiation. BioSystems. 77: 119-136.
Hameroff, S. R. (2006). Quantum mechanics in the brain. Nature. 440: 611-612.
Matsuno, K. (2000). Is there biology of quantum information?. Biosystems. 55: 39-46.
Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. (2002). Quantum Computation and Quantum Information.the Edinburgh Building. Cambridge.
Paintrand, M., Moudjou M., Delacroix, H., & Bornens, M. (1992). Centrosome organization and centriole architecture: their sensitivity to divalent cations. Journal of Structural Biology. 108: 107–128.
Patel, A. (2000). Quantum algorithms and the genetic code. Pramana - Journal of Physics. 56: 365–380.
Patel, A. (2001). Testing quantum dynamics in genetic information processing. Journal of Genetics. 80: 39-43.
Popp, F. A. (1998). Biophotons and Their Regulatory Role in Cells. Frontier Perspectives. 7: 13-22.
Popp, F. A., & Yan, Y. (2002). Delayed Luminescence of biological systems in terms of coherent states. Physics Letters A. 293: 93-97.
Rieth, M., Schommersm W. (2007). Handbook of theoretical and Computational Nanotechnology. American Scientific. California.
Shojaie, F., & Dehestani, M. (2010). The simulation of virus life cycle with quantum gates. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 40: 359–362.
Vedral, P. (2003). Entanglement hits the big time. Nature. 425:, 28-29.
Wootters, W. K., & Zurek, W. H. (1982). A single quantum cannot be cloned. Nature. 299: 802-804.
Zak, M. (2007). Physics of Life from First Principles. Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics 4 (EJTP). 16: 11-96.
Zeilinger, A. A. (1999). foundational principle for Quantum Mechanics. Foundations of Physics. 29: 631-643.
)