Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
2 Food Science and Technology Research Institute, ACECR, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal or bactericidal concentration (MFC, MBC) of oleo-gum resin of Ferula assafoetida on the growth of food spoilage microbes of bacteria, yeasts and fungal and investigation of the most sensitive of them to oleo-gum resin of these plant. Methods: In this study oleo-gum resin of F.assafoetida were dissolved in sterile distilled water and then its antimicrobial effects was studied on the growth of seven microbial species including Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cereviciae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus using micro-dilution method. Results: Results of these research showed that MIC and MBC values of oleo-gum resin on B.subtilis and E.coli were 1562.5 and >100000 µg/ml respectively, which were more than MIC and MBC values of S.aureus. Among tested yeasts, C.albicans showed more resistance than the S.cereviciae. Also MIC value of A.parasiticus (390.6 µg/ml) was less than A.flavus (781.3 µg/ml). Results of the present study indicates that oleo-gum resin of F.assafoetida has significant (P<0.05) antimicrobial activity, which strengthens its potential use as essential antimicrobial source in the near future.
Keywords
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Abu-Zaiton, A. S. (2010). Anti-diabetic activity of Ferula assafoetida extract in normal and alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Pakistan journal of biological sciences, 13(2): 97-100.
Angelini, P., Pagiotti, R., Venanzoni, R., Granetti, B. (2009). Antifungal and allelopathic effects of asafoetida against Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus spp. Allelopathy Journal, 23, pp. 357ñ368.
Aoudou, Y., Ngoune LÈopold, T., Dongmo Pierre Michel, J., and Carl Moses, M. (2012). Inhibition of fungal development in maize grains under storage condition by essential oils. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2(6), pp. 41-48.
Barati, M., Sharifi, I., Sharififar, F. (2010). Antileishmanial activity of Artemisia aucheri, Ferula asafoetid and Gossypium hirsutum extracts on Leishmania major promastigotes in vitro. Journal of Army University of Medical Sciences of the I.R.Iran. 8(3): 166-172.
Bluma, R.V., Etcheverry, M.G. (2008). Application of essential oil in maize grain: Impacked of aspergillus section flavi growth parameter and aflatoxin
accumulation. Food microbial, 25(2): 324-334.
Burt, S. A. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods - a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94: 223-253.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (NCCLS). (2006). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard.Seventh Edition, 26(2): 9-18.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (NCCLS). (2002). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standardó Second Edition, 22(15): 3-9.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (NCCLS). (2004). Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria; Approved StandardóSixth Edition, 24(2): 10-20.
Dehpour, A.A., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Nabavi, S.F., Nabavi, S.M. (2009). Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ferula assafoetida and its essential oil composition. Grasas Aceites. 60 (4):405-412.
Ditschun, T.L., Winter, C.K. (2000). Food Additives. In: Food Toxicology. Helferich W, Winter CK, Editors. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 187-202.
Duniere, L., Gleizal, A., Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Chevallier, I., and Thevenot-Sergentet, D. (2011). Fate of Escherichia coli O26 in Corn Silage Experimentally Contaminated at Ensiling, at Silo Opening, or after
Aerobic Exposure, and Protective Effect of Various Bacterial Inoculants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(24), pp. 8696ñ8704.
Garg, D. K., Banerjea, A. C., Verma, J. (1980). The role of intestinal Clostridia and the effect of asafetida (Hing) and alcohol in flatulence. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 20: 194ñ197.
Gholamnezhad, Z., Byrami, B., Boskabadi, M.H., Iranshahi, M. (2011). Possible mechanism(s) of the relaxant effect of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida) oleo-gum-resin extract on guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 2(1):10-16.
Gulluce, M., Sahin, F., Sokmen, M., Ozer, H., Daferera, D., Sokmen, A., Polissiou, M., Adiguzel, A., Ozkan, H. (2007). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia L. ssp. Longifolia. Food Chemistry, 103, pp. 1449ñ1456.
Gowda, N. K. S., Malathi, V., Suganthi, R. U., (2004). Effect of some chemical and herbal compoundson growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and aflatoxin production. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 116, pp. 281ñ291.
Iranshahy, M., Iranshahi, M. (2011). Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin)óA review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 134: 1-10.
Iranshahi, M., Sahebkar, A., Takasaki, M., Konoshima, T., and Tokuda, H., (2009b). Cancer chemopreventive activity of the prenylated coumarin, umbelliprenin, in vivo. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 18: 412ñ415.
Iranshahi, M., Kalategi, F., Rezaee, R., Shahverdi, A.R., Ito, C., Furukawa, H., Tokuda, H., and Itoigawa, M., (2008). Cancer chemopreventive activity of terpenoid coumarins from Ferula species. Planta Medica, 74:147ñ150.
Kamble, V. A., and Patil, S.D. (2008). Spice-derived essential oils: effective antifungal and possible therapeutic agents. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 14: 129ñ143
Khosravi, A. R., Minooeianhaghighi, M. H., Shokri, H., Emami, S. A., Alavi, S. M., and Asili, J. (2011). The potential inhibitory effect of cuminum cyminum, ziziphora clinopodioides and nigella sativa essential oil on the
growth of aspergillus fumigatuse and aspergillus flavuse. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 42: 216-224.
Kunwar, P. S., Sharma, M., Bhatt, g., Pandey, M. and Sharma, V. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Ferula asafetida (hinge). Pharmacie Globale (IJCP), 1(2): 1-3.
Kursat, M. and Erecevit, P. (2009). The Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Some Lamiaceae Members Collected from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Science & Technology, 4(1): 81-85.
Lee, C. L., Chiang, L. C., Cheng, L. H., Liaw, C. C., Abd ElRazek, M. H., Chang, F. R, and Wu, Y. C. (2009). Influenza A (H(1)N(1)) antiviral and cytotoxic agents from Ferula assa-foetida. Journal of natural products, 72 (9): 1568-
1572.
Mahzooni-Kachapi, S.S., Mahdavi, M., Roozbeh-Nasira'ei, L., Akbarzadeh, M., Rezazadeh, F. (2011). Investigation of Compositions and Anti-bacterial Effects of the Essential Oils in Stachys lavandulifolia.vahl Collected from Baladeh
Mallikarjuna, G. U., Dhanalakshmi, S., Raisuddin, S., and Rao, A. R. (2003).Chemomodulatory influence of Ferula asafoetida on mammary epithelial differentiation, hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant profiles and Nmethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis
in rats. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 81(1): 1- 10.
Abu-Zaiton, A. S. (2010). Anti-diabetic activity of Ferula assafoetida extract in normal and alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Pakistan journal of biological sciences, 13(2): 97-100.
Angelini, P., Pagiotti, R., Venanzoni, R., Granetti, B. (2009). Antifungal and allelopathic effects of asafoetida against Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus spp. Allelopathy Journal, 23, pp. 357ñ368.
Aoudou, Y., Ngoune LÈopold, T., Dongmo Pierre Michel, J., and Carl Moses, M. (2012). Inhibition of fungal development in maize grains under storage condition by essential oils. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2(6), pp. 41-48.
Barati, M., Sharifi, I., Sharififar, F. (2010). Antileishmanial activity of Artemisia aucheri, Ferula asafoetid and Gossypium hirsutum extracts on Leishmania major promastigotes in vitro. Journal of Army University of Medical Sciences of the I.R.Iran. 8(3): 166-172.
Bluma, R.V., Etcheverry, M.G. (2008). Application of essential oil in maize grain: Impacked of aspergillus section flavi growth parameter and aflatoxin
accumulation. Food microbial, 25(2): 324-334.
Burt, S. A. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods - a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94: 223-253.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (NCCLS). (2006). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard.Seventh Edition, 26(2): 9-18.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (NCCLS). (2002). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standardó Second Edition, 22(15): 3-9.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (NCCLS). (2004). Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria; Approved StandardóSixth Edition, 24(2): 10-20.
Dehpour, A.A., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Nabavi, S.F., Nabavi, S.M. (2009). Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ferula assafoetida and its essential oil composition. Grasas Aceites. 60 (4):405-412.
Ditschun, T.L., Winter, C.K. (2000). Food Additives. In: Food Toxicology. Helferich W, Winter CK, Editors. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 187-202.
Duniere, L., Gleizal, A., Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Chevallier, I., and Thevenot-Sergentet, D. (2011). Fate of Escherichia coli O26 in Corn Silage Experimentally Contaminated at Ensiling, at Silo Opening, or after
Aerobic Exposure, and Protective Effect of Various Bacterial Inoculants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(24), pp. 8696ñ8704.
Garg, D. K., Banerjea, A. C., Verma, J. (1980). The role of intestinal Clostridia and the effect of asafetida (Hing) and alcohol in flatulence. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 20: 194ñ197.
Gholamnezhad, Z., Byrami, B., Boskabadi, M.H., Iranshahi, M. (2011). Possible mechanism(s) of the relaxant effect of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida) oleo-gum-resin extract on guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 2(1):10-16.
Gulluce, M., Sahin, F., Sokmen, M., Ozer, H., Daferera, D., Sokmen, A., Polissiou, M., Adiguzel, A., Ozkan, H. (2007). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia L. ssp. Longifolia. Food Chemistry, 103, pp. 1449ñ1456.
Gowda, N. K. S., Malathi, V., Suganthi, R. U., (2004). Effect of some chemical and herbal compoundson growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and aflatoxin production. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 116, pp. 281ñ291.
Iranshahy, M., Iranshahi, M. (2011). Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin)óA review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 134: 1-10.
Iranshahi, M., Sahebkar, A., Takasaki, M., Konoshima, T., and Tokuda, H., (2009b). Cancer chemopreventive activity of the prenylated coumarin, umbelliprenin, in vivo. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 18: 412ñ415.
Iranshahi, M., Kalategi, F., Rezaee, R., Shahverdi, A.R., Ito, C., Furukawa, H., Tokuda, H., and Itoigawa, M., (2008). Cancer chemopreventive activity of terpenoid coumarins from Ferula species. Planta Medica, 74:147ñ150.
Kamble, V. A., and Patil, S.D. (2008). Spice-derived essential oils: effective antifungal and possible therapeutic agents. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 14: 129ñ143
Khosravi, A. R., Minooeianhaghighi, M. H., Shokri, H., Emami, S. A., Alavi, S. M., and Asili, J. (2011). The potential inhibitory effect of cuminum cyminum, ziziphora clinopodioides and nigella sativa essential oil on the
growth of aspergillus fumigatuse and aspergillus flavuse. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 42: 216-224.
Kunwar, P. S., Sharma, M., Bhatt, g., Pandey, M. and Sharma, V. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Ferula asafetida (hinge). Pharmacie Globale (IJCP), 1(2): 1-3.
Kursat, M. and Erecevit, P. (2009). The Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Some Lamiaceae Members Collected from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Science & Technology, 4(1): 81-85.
Lee, C. L., Chiang, L. C., Cheng, L. H., Liaw, C. C., Abd ElRazek, M. H., Chang, F. R, and Wu, Y. C. (2009). Influenza A (H(1)N(1)) antiviral and cytotoxic agents from Ferula assa-foetida. Journal of natural products, 72 (9): 1568-
1572.
Mahzooni-Kachapi, S.S., Mahdavi, M., Roozbeh-Nasira'ei, L., Akbarzadeh, M., Rezazadeh, F. (2011). Investigation of Compositions and Anti-bacterial Effects of the Essential Oils in Stachys lavandulifolia.vahl Collected from Baladeh
Mallikarjuna, G. U., Dhanalakshmi, S., Raisuddin, S., and Rao, A. R. (2003).Chemomodulatory influence of Ferula asafoetida on mammary epithelial differentiation, hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant profiles and Nmethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis
in rats. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 81(1): 1- 10.
Martinez, M. J., Betancourt, J., Alonso-Gonzalez, N., and Jauregui, A. (1996). Screening of some Cuban medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity. Journal of
Ethnopharmacol, 52(3), pp. 171-174.
Mohammadi, R., Shokouh Amiri, M.R., Sepah vand, A., Roodbar Mohammadi, S.H., Shadzi, SH., Mirsafaei, H., Noor Shargh, R. (2009). Antifungal Activity of Ferula assa- foetida Against Clinical Agents of Mucormycosis. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 27(100): 582-588.
Moharramipour, S., Nazemi Rafih, J. (2008). Repellency of Nerium oleander L., Lavandulla officinalis L. and Ferula assafoetida L. extracts on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(4):
443-452.
Naeini, A., Naseri, M., Kamalinejad, M., Khoshzaban, F., Rajabian, T., Nami, H., Mansori, S., Zavieh, D. (2011).
Study on Anti_ Candida Effects of Essential Oil and Extracts of Iranian Medicinal Plants, In vitro. J med plants Res, 10(38): 163-172.
Ozturk, S. and Ercisli, S. (2007). Antibacterial activity and chemical constitutions of Ziziphora clinopodioides. Food Control, 18(5): 535ñ540.
Rahman, M. U., Gul, S. and Ejaz, A. O. (2008). Antimicrobial activities of Ferula assafoetida oil against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. AmericanEurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 4(2): 203-206.
Rahman, M. U., and Gul, S. (2005). Antimicrobial activities of Ferula assafoetida oil. Part I. Inhibition of sexual reproduction stages of foodborne molds. Journal of chemical society of Pakistan, 27(4): 423-428.
Rani, A., Jain, S., and Dureja, P. (2009). Synergistic fungicidal efficacy of formulations of neem oil, nicotinic acid and Ferula asafoetida with ·,‚-unsaturated carbonyl compounds against Sclerotium rolfsii ITCC 5226 &
Macrophomina phaseolina ITCC 0482. Journal of Pesticide Science, 34(4): 253ñ258.
Reddy, K, R, N., Nurdijati, S. B. and Salleh. B. (2010). An overview of plant derived products on control of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Asian journal of plant sciences, 9(3): 126-133.
Rollinger, J. M., Steindl, T. M., Schuster, D., Kirchmair, J., Anrain, K., Ellmerer, E. P., Langer, T., Stuppner, H., Wutzler, P., and Schmidtke, M. (2008). Structurebased virtual screening for the discovery of natural inhibitors for human rhinovirus coat protein. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 51 (4): 842-851.
Saleem, M., Alam, A., and Sultana, S. (2001). Asafoetida inhibits early events of carcinogenesis: a chemopreventive study. Life Sciences, 68(16): 1913ñ
1921.
Sanchez, E., Heredia, N., and Garcia, S. (2005). Inhibition of growth and mycotoxin production of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus by extracts of Agave species. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 98: 271-279.
Sarkari, B., Tadayon, H., Askarian, SH., Farnia, E., Askarian, M. (2009). In vitro anti-trichomonas activity of ferula assafoetida and garlic extract. J gorgan uni med sci, 11(3): 13-17.
Sasikumar, J. M., Thayumanavan, T., Subashkumar, R., Janardhanan, K., and Lakshmanaperumalsamy,P. (2007). Antibacterial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants from the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India. Natural product radiance, 6(1): 34-9.
Siddiqui, R. R., Ahmed, H., Shakoor, Ch. S., Ehteshamuddin, A. F. M., and, Shireen, S. (1996). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils. Part II. Pakistan
journal of scientific and industrial research, 39(1/4): 43-47.
Sitara, U., Niaz, I., Naseem, J., Sultana, N. (2008). Antifungal effect of essential oil on in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(1): 409-414.
Thyagaraja, N and Hosono, A. (1996). Effect of spice extract on fungal inhibition. Lebensmittel ñ Wissenchaftund und-Technologie- food science and
technology, 29: 286-288.
Vaishnavi, C., Kaur, S., and Kaur, M. (2007). Bactericidal activity of kitchen spices and condiments on enteropathogens. Natural product radiance, 6(1): 40-45.
Yesodharan, K., Sujana, K. A. (2007). Wild edible plants traditionally used by the tribes in the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India.Natural product radiance, 6(1): 74-80.
Zargari, A. (1995). Medicinal Plants. Tehran University Publications, Tehran. 4:103-104.
Ethnopharmacol, 52(3), pp. 171-174.
Mohammadi, R., Shokouh Amiri, M.R., Sepah vand, A., Roodbar Mohammadi, S.H., Shadzi, SH., Mirsafaei, H., Noor Shargh, R. (2009). Antifungal Activity of Ferula assa- foetida Against Clinical Agents of Mucormycosis. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 27(100): 582-588.
Moharramipour, S., Nazemi Rafih, J. (2008). Repellency of Nerium oleander L., Lavandulla officinalis L. and Ferula assafoetida L. extracts on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(4):
443-452.
Naeini, A., Naseri, M., Kamalinejad, M., Khoshzaban, F., Rajabian, T., Nami, H., Mansori, S., Zavieh, D. (2011).
Study on Anti_ Candida Effects of Essential Oil and Extracts of Iranian Medicinal Plants, In vitro. J med plants Res, 10(38): 163-172.
Ozturk, S. and Ercisli, S. (2007). Antibacterial activity and chemical constitutions of Ziziphora clinopodioides. Food Control, 18(5): 535ñ540.
Rahman, M. U., Gul, S. and Ejaz, A. O. (2008). Antimicrobial activities of Ferula assafoetida oil against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. AmericanEurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 4(2): 203-206.
Rahman, M. U., and Gul, S. (2005). Antimicrobial activities of Ferula assafoetida oil. Part I. Inhibition of sexual reproduction stages of foodborne molds. Journal of chemical society of Pakistan, 27(4): 423-428.
Rani, A., Jain, S., and Dureja, P. (2009). Synergistic fungicidal efficacy of formulations of neem oil, nicotinic acid and Ferula asafoetida with ·,‚-unsaturated carbonyl compounds against Sclerotium rolfsii ITCC 5226 &
Macrophomina phaseolina ITCC 0482. Journal of Pesticide Science, 34(4): 253ñ258.
Reddy, K, R, N., Nurdijati, S. B. and Salleh. B. (2010). An overview of plant derived products on control of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Asian journal of plant sciences, 9(3): 126-133.
Rollinger, J. M., Steindl, T. M., Schuster, D., Kirchmair, J., Anrain, K., Ellmerer, E. P., Langer, T., Stuppner, H., Wutzler, P., and Schmidtke, M. (2008). Structurebased virtual screening for the discovery of natural inhibitors for human rhinovirus coat protein. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 51 (4): 842-851.
Saleem, M., Alam, A., and Sultana, S. (2001). Asafoetida inhibits early events of carcinogenesis: a chemopreventive study. Life Sciences, 68(16): 1913ñ
1921.
Sanchez, E., Heredia, N., and Garcia, S. (2005). Inhibition of growth and mycotoxin production of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus by extracts of Agave species. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 98: 271-279.
Sarkari, B., Tadayon, H., Askarian, SH., Farnia, E., Askarian, M. (2009). In vitro anti-trichomonas activity of ferula assafoetida and garlic extract. J gorgan uni med sci, 11(3): 13-17.
Sasikumar, J. M., Thayumanavan, T., Subashkumar, R., Janardhanan, K., and Lakshmanaperumalsamy,P. (2007). Antibacterial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants from the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India. Natural product radiance, 6(1): 34-9.
Siddiqui, R. R., Ahmed, H., Shakoor, Ch. S., Ehteshamuddin, A. F. M., and, Shireen, S. (1996). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils. Part II. Pakistan
journal of scientific and industrial research, 39(1/4): 43-47.
Sitara, U., Niaz, I., Naseem, J., Sultana, N. (2008). Antifungal effect of essential oil on in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(1): 409-414.
Thyagaraja, N and Hosono, A. (1996). Effect of spice extract on fungal inhibition. Lebensmittel ñ Wissenchaftund und-Technologie- food science and
technology, 29: 286-288.
Vaishnavi, C., Kaur, S., and Kaur, M. (2007). Bactericidal activity of kitchen spices and condiments on enteropathogens. Natural product radiance, 6(1): 40-45.
Yesodharan, K., Sujana, K. A. (2007). Wild edible plants traditionally used by the tribes in the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India.Natural product radiance, 6(1): 74-80.
Zargari, A. (1995). Medicinal Plants. Tehran University Publications, Tehran. 4:103-104.
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