ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Memory
Adult neurogenesis, a concept emergent in the late 1990s, is the generation of new neurons in the adult brain. This process occurs thank to cells who have this proliferative feature, named as Neural Stem Cells (NSCs). Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) are primary progenitors who can generate the two neural types (neurons and glia). Classically it was assumed that NSCs are only present in the embryo, but today it is extensively known that are also present in the postnatal and adult brain, although the majority were found in embryo stage. According with Merkle et al. 2006, these cells are characterized by the following features: 1. They come from glial cells, 2. They are related linearly between adult and embryonic cells (since they are transformed from neuroepithelial cells to radial glia, and then they show astroglial cells characteristics), and 3. These cells are divided essentially asymmetrically leading to another intermediate progenitor (IPC) as a parent, and sometimes divided symmetrically, to increase the progeny (Ortega Martinez and Trejo, 2015). Meanwhile, intermediate progenitors (IPCs) are always divided symmetrically to amplify the number of progeny dividing (Merket et al., 2006). These symmetric divisions are an important determinant of the brain size, so those species with larger brains have a larger pool of intermediate progenitors (Marshall et al., 2005). These cells, in adults, are mainly found at the subventricular zone (SVZ), adjacent to the lateral ventricles and at the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, known like subgranular zone (SGZ) the ‘imaginary line’ below granular zone of DG where these cells are found (see Fig. 1). However, there are evidences of the existence of these cells elsewhere in the adult brain, including the cortex (Feliciano et al., 2012) or the hypothalamus (Lee et al., 2012). These precursor cells are quiescent (usually non-dividing) that can be divided into different stimuli. When this happens, there are two possibilities; A) their division generates intermediate progenitor cells (IPC), which then gives rise to neurons; B) whereas if they come from astroglial progenitors, the result will be the generation of glial. The process of formation of neurons through intermediate progenitors is a longer process, as there are different types of intermediate progenitors known as 2a, 2ab, 2b and type 3 according to their stage of development and expressing markers, whereas astroglial progenitors have comparatively a lower proliferative capacity. However, intermediate progenitors send numerous processes before being symmetrically divided, motivated by local sensing factors (Noctor et al., 2004). The NSCs don’t only come from the nervous system but can be derived from embryonic stem cells (ES cells) or reprogrammed fibroblasts (Wernig et al., 2008). Different kinds of neural progenitor/stem cells basis have been established on their characteristics. There are two different populations known like: neural stem cells which show glial characteristics (Radial Glia Cells, RGLs), and intermediate progenitors (IPC). The latter are also divided into other types (2a, 2ab, 2b, 3). The classification of these cells and the markers used to identify them has created much controversy among scientists. However, there is a large consensus that the astrocytic NSC have many features, such as the expression of glial fibrilar acidic protein (GFAP), which has made us change our perception of glia (Merkle et al., 2006). Other studies (Kempermann et al., 2003) support the interpretation that radial astrocytes have a role as primary progenitors.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_25052_949ac9d1ed356ee1eb3e50a783dfaa55.pdf
2017-03-01
1
15
10.26655/ijabbr.2017.1.1
Hippocampus
Neurogenesis
Memory
Sylvia
Ortega-Martínez
sylviaortegamartinez@gmail.com
1
Turku Centre for Biotechnology, ÅboAkademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
LEAD_AUTHOR
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68
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Seed Storage Duration and Seedling Raising method on Chamomile Seedling Establishment
Objective: Chamomile is one of the commercial medicinal plants produced in Ethiopia. Besides, it is priority crop in national aromatic and medicinal plants research project in the country. As chamomile production affected by production techniques this activity was conducted to identify the effect of seed storage duration and seedling raising methods on its seedling establishment. Methods: The experiment was conducted during 2015 at rain feed condition at wondogenet agricultural research center, south Ethiopia using randomized complete block design in three replications. Zero months, three month, six month, nine month and twelve month stored seeds were combined with direct sowing, seed bed raised and pot raised seedlings resulting in a total of fifteen treatments. Data on plant height, flower yield per plant, flower yield per hectare, number of flower per plant and average weight of ten flowers were collected and tested statistically. Results: Direct sowing and pot raised methods resulted in lowest and highest value in all parameters respectively. Least and largest values range from 35.37 to 60.08 for plant height, 43.88 to 51.77 for flower yield per plant, 4.87 to 5.74 for flower yield per hectare, 244.99 to 383.71 for number flower per plant and ranges from 1.51 to 1.57 for average 10 flower weight. One year old seedlings resulted in higher mean value for plant height, flower yield per plant, flower yield per hectare and average weight of 10 flowers. Zero month treatment resulted in the least values for flower yield per plant, flower yield per hectare and number of flower per plant parameters. However, even though seedling raising method resulted in very highly significant results in plant height and in number of flower per plant, in all seed storage durations treatments there was none significance results for all testing parameters. Besides, the interaction of seed storage duration and seedling raising method treatments were resulted in none significant result for all testing parameters.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_26178_2f0fb6fdac67f3e851dc334bc7847a1f.pdf
2017-03-01
16
18
10.26655/ijabbr.2017.1.2
Chamomile
Seed storage
Seedling raising method
Dejene Tadesse
Banjaw
1
Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Case Team, Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 198, Shashemene, Ethiopia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tigist Germen
Wolde
2
Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Case Team, Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 198, Shashemene, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Abdellaoui. (2013). Effects of natural long storage duration on seed germination characteristics of Periploca angustifolia Labill. African Journal of Biotechnology, 1760-1768.
1
Beemnet. (2015). Evaluation of American and German Chamomiles forAgronomic and Chemical Traits in Ethiopia. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 134-140.
2
Croft. (2012). Vacuum Sealing vs Refrigeration: Which is the most effective way to store seeds? Echo Asia notes. A Regional Supplement to Echo Development notes., issue 14.
3
Mao. (2009). Effect of storage temperature and duration on the vigor of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) seed harvested at different maturity stages . Japanese Society of Grassland Science, 1-5.
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Mubvuma. ( 2013.). Effect of storage temperature and duration on moringa seeds (moringa oleifera). Greener Journal of agricultural scinece , 427-432,.
5
Pradhan. (2012). Effect of storage conditon and storage period on seed germination of Eleven popu,ation of Swertia Chirayita: Acritical medicinal herb in Himalaya. The journal of scientific world, 9.
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Plant Population Density on Growth and Yield of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni L.)
Objective: An experiment was conducted at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center in the production season of 2013/14 and 2014/15 with the objective of identifying the best combination of intra and inter-row spacing for optimum plant population density of stevia. Methods: The experiment was conducted using five intra-row spacing (20cm, 25cm, 30cm, 35cm, and 40cm) and three inter-row spacing (40cm, 50cm and 60cm) with total treatment combination of fifteen that were laid out in factorial RCBD design with three replications. In 2013/14 cropping season the maximum fresh leaf weight (19467kg ha-1), fresh above-ground biomass (25002kg ha-1) and dry leaf weigh (7834kg ha-1) were obtained from the combined pacing of 20cm intra-row and 40cm inter-row spacing. In 2014/15 cropping season, the maximum fresh leaf weight (16470.1 kg ha-1) and (14433.9kg ha-1), fresh above-ground biomass (27547kg ha-1) and (23619.8kg ha-1) and dry leaf weight (4773.7 kg ha-1) and (4314.0 kg ha-1) were obtained from 20cm intra-row and 40cm inter-row spacing respectively. Results: Although the study showed that the highest Stevia herbage yield per unit area was recorded from the combined spacing of 20cm intra-row and 40cm inter-row spacing, considering the difficult condition we met during weeding and watering, we, therefore; suggest that the best combined intra-row and inter-row spacing for Stevia is 25cm x 40cm to attain maximum yield under appropriate management conditions at Wondo genet and similar locations.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_26199_0b78bc2af6bdb5e73ab0eba2ed2331a6.pdf
2017-03-01
19
26
10.26655/ijabbr.2017.1.3
Stevia
Inter-row
Intra- row
Spacing
Plant population
Nebret Tadesse
Btru
1
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Wondo Genet Agriculture Research Center P.O.Box 198 Shashemene Ethiopia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aynalem
Gebere
2
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Wondo Genet Agriculture Research Center P.O.Box 198 Shashemene Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Hordofa
Melkamu
3
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Wondo Genet Agriculture Research Center P.O.Box 198 Shashemene Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Lule
Belistie
4
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Wondo Genet Agriculture Research Center P.O.Box 198 Shashemene Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Ahmed, A., M.N. Huda, C. Mandal, K.A. Alam, M.S. H. Reza and A.Wadud 2007.In vitro morphogenic response of different explants of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana L.). International Journal of Agriculture Research 2: 1006-1013.
1
Basuki, S., 1990. Effect of black plastic mulch and plant density on the growth of weeds and stevia. BIOTROP special publication 38, 107-113.
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3
Beemnet, M.K. and Solomon A., 2011. Row spacing and harvesting age affect Agronomic characteristics and essential oil yield of Japanese Mint (Mentha arvensis L.) Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 5(1), 74-76.
4
Carneiro, J. W. P., Martins, E. N., Guedes, T. A., and Dasilva, M. A., 1992. The performance of stevia crops transplanted in different densities and double spacing. Pesquisa agropecuaria Brasileira 27, 1273-1282.
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6
Jackson, A.U., Tata, A., Wu, C., Perry, R.H., Haas, G., West, L. and Cooks, G.R., 2009. Direct analysis of Stevia leaves for diterpene glycosides by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.Analyst, 134: 867-874.
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9
Kumar R., Sood S, Sharma S, Kasana R.C, Pathania V.L, Singh B, Singh R.D., 2014. Effect of plant spacing and organic mulch on growth, yield and quality of natural sweetener plant Stevia and soil fertility in western Himalayas. International Journal of Plant Production 8(3), 311-334.
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Madan S, Ahmad S, Singh GN, Kohli K, Kumar Y, SinghR, Garg M., 2010. Stevia rebaudiana (Berr.) Bertoni- A review. Indian journal of natural products and resources 1(3), 267-286.
12
Maheshwar HM., 2005. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and dates of planting on growth and yield of Stevia (Stevia rebaudianaBert.). MSc Thesis. Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture, Dharwad University of agricultural sciences, Dharwad, 66 pp.
13
Murayama, S., Kayano, R., Miyazato, K., and Nose, A.,1990. Studies on the cultivation of Stevia rebaudiana .II. Effect of fertilizer rates, planting density and seedling clones on growth and yield. Science Bulletin of the college of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 27, 1-8.
14
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15
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Ojha, A., Sharma, V.N. and Sharma, V. 2010. An efficient protocol for in vitro clonal propagation of natural sweetener plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). African Journal of Plant Science 4(8), 319-321.
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Ramesh K, Singh V, Megeji NW. 2006. Cultivation of Stevia rebaudiana. Bertoni a comprehensive review.
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Serio, L., 2010. La Stevia rebaudiana, une alternative au sucre. Phytothérapie, 8, 26–32.
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Soejarto DD., 2002. Botany of Stevia and Stevia rebaudiana. In Kinghorn AD (ed) Stevia. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy University of Illinois at Chicago USA.18-39.
22
Solomon A, Beemnet M., 2011. Row spacing and harvesting age affect agronomic characteristics and essential oil yield of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.). Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology 5(1), 74-76.
23
Sumon, M.H., Mostofa, M., Jahan, M.S., Kayesh, M.E.H. and Haque, M.A., 2008. Comparative efficacy of powdered form of Stevia (Stevia rebaudianaBertoni) Leaves and glimepiride in diabetic rats. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine,6(2): 211-215.
24
Taleie N, Hamidoghli Y, Rabiei B and Hamidoghli S, 2012., Effects of plant density and transplanting date on herbage, stevioside, phenol and flavonoid yield of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 4 (6): 298-302.
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Zewdinesh D, Bizuayehu T. and Daniel B, 2011., Leaf, Essential Oil and Artemisinin Yield of artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) as influenced by harvesting age and plant population density. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7 (4): 404-412.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Inter and Intra Row Spacing on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) at Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia
Objective: A field experiment was conducted to assess the optimum inter- and intra-row spacing on growth, yield and yield component of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in 2014/15 cropping season at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center experimental site (at Wondo Genet station). Methods: Two inter-row spacings (60 and 90 cm) and three intra-row spacings (30, 60 and 90 cm) were evaluated using two varieties, WG-Hibiscus-Jamaica and WG-Hibiscus-Sudan on a plot size of 3.6 m length x 4.2 m width. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with 12 treatments in three replications. SAS (version 9) software was used to compute the analysis of variance. Results: The results revealed that varieties differed markedly in most of the studied parameters. Of the two varieties tested, variety WG-Hibiscus-Jamaican showed greater plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves/plant, leaf area, leaf area index, days to 50 % flowering, days to 95 % maturity, number of capsules/plant, fresh calyx yield/plant, dry calyx yield/plant, seed yield/plant, total number of capsules/ha, total fresh calyx yield/ha, total dry calyx yield/ha and total seed yield/ha. In contrast, variety WG-Hibiscus-Sudan matures earlier and had heavier 1000 seed weight than variety WG-Hibiscus-Jamaican. Number of capsules/plant, fresh and dry calyx yield/plant were influenced by interaction effects of variety; inter- and intra-row spacing. Moreover, fresh and dry calyx yield/plant, total fresh and dry calyx yield/ha were influenced by interaction effects of variety, inter- and intra-row spacing.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_26200_e81ca0b6f217c0aca6271ca833aad05e.pdf
2017-03-01
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10.26655/ijabbr.2017.1.4
Hibiscus sabdariffa L
Inter-row spacing
Intra-row spacing
Fresh calyx yield
Dry calyx yield
Basazinew Degu
Gebremedin
1
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 198, Shashemene, Ethiopia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bizuayehu Tesfaye
Asfaw
2
Hawassa University College of Agriculture, Department of Plant and Horticultural Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Abayneh Esayas, DemekeTafesse, Ashenafi Ali (2006). Soils of Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center. National Soil Research Center, 67 pp.
1
Alessi J, Power JF, Zimmerman DC (1977). Sun flower yield and water use as influenced by planting date.
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Anhwange BA, Ajibola VO, Okibe FG (2006). Nutritive value and antinutritional factors in Hibiscus sabdariffa. J. Fish. Int. 2:73-76.
3
Chen CC, Hsu JD, Wang SF, Chiang HC, Yang MY, Kao ES (2002). Hibiscus Sabdariffa extract inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J. Agric. food Chem., 5: 5472-5477.
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Duke JA, Ayensu ES (1985). Medicinal plants of China. 2 vol. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac, MI, USA.
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6
El Naim AM, Khaliefa EH, Ibrahim KA, Ismaeil FM, Zaied MB (2012).Growth and Yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as Influenced by Plant Population in Arid Tropic of Sudan under Rain-fed. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2(3): 88-91
7
Gholam S and Moosavi R (2012).The effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of roselle. J. Med. Plants Res. 6(9): 1627-1632
8
Jakusko BB, Usman BD, Mustapha AB (2013).Effect of row spacing on growth and yield of Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria.IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS). 2: 36-39
9
Kays SJ (2011). Cultivated vegetables of the world: A multilingual onomasticon. University of Georgia.Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 184 pp.
10
Mahadevan N, Shivali KP (2009). Hibiscus sabdariffaLinn: An overview. Natural Product Radiance, 8: 77–83.
11
Maurya RP, Bailey JA, Chandler JSA (2013).Impact of plant spacing and picking interval on the growth, fruit quality and yield of okra (Abelmoschusesculentus (L.)Moench). American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 1(4): 48-54.
12
McKay DL, Chen CYO, Saltzman E, Blumberg JB (2010). Hibiscus sabdariffaL. tea (tisane) lowers blood pressure in pre-hypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Journal of Nutrition 140: 298-303.
13
Mir BG, Ravan S, Asgharipour M (2011). Effects of plant density and sowing date on yield and yield components of Hibiscus sabdariffa in Zabol region. Adv. Environ. Biol., 5(6): 1156-1161.
14
Morton JF (1987). Roselle. In Fruits of Warm Climates, ed. C.F. Dowling Jr. Media Inc., Greensboro, NC, USA, pp. 281– 286.
15
Mushayabasa T, Kona D, Gama R (2014). Yield and fruit quality of okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L. Moench) in response to plant density. Int. J. Biosci.5(1): 449-454.
16
Nnam NM, Onyeke NG (2003). Chemical composition of two varieties of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.), calyces and the drinks made from them. Plant Foods Human Nutrition 58:1-7.
17
Patil KB (2004). Effect of various seed rates on yield of leafy vegetable sorrel. J. Soil Crop. 14(2): 461-462.
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Perry IM (1980). Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia. MIT Press, Cambridge.
19
SAS inst. (2002). SAS (Statistical Analysis System). 1996. SAS/STAT. Guide Version 9. SAS, Institute Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina: USA.
20
Seiyaboh EI, Oku IY, Odogbo OM (2013). Isolation and Identification Of Food-Borne Micro Flora From Zobo (A Nigerian Drink) Prepared From The Calyces Of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae). The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES) 2: 2319 – 1805.
21
Talukder MAH, Mannaf MA, Alam MK, Salam MA, MMU (2003). Influence of sowing time, plant spacing and picking interval on the growth and yield of okra. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(18): 1626-1630.
22
Tsai PJ, McIntosh J, Pearce P, Camden B, Jordan BR (2002). Anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) extract. Food Research International. 35: 351-356.
23
Yayeh Bitew, Fekremariam Asargew, Oumer Beshir (2014). Effect of Plant Spacing on the Yield and Yield Component of Field Pea (PisumSativum L.) at Adet, North Western Ethiopia.Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 3(5): 368-373.
24
Zewdinesh Damtew, Bizuayehu Tesfaye, Daniel Bisrat (2011).Leaf, Essential Oil and Artemisinin Yield of Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) As Influenced by Harvesting Age and Plant Population Density. World J. Agric. Sci., 7(4): 404-412
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Seed Yield of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Phosphorus and Manure Application at Babile, Eastern Ethiopia
Objective: A field experiment was conducted in order to study the effect of phosphorus and manure application on agronomic performance and seed yield of groundnut. Methods: Factorial combination of two groundnut varieties (‘Werer 962’ and ‘Oldhale’), Three rates of phosphorus (0, 90 and 180 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three rates of manure (0, 5 and 10 ton ha-1) were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replication. Results: The combined application of 180 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 10 ton manure ha-1 resulted in the highest number of pods per plant and seed yield. The increase in number of pods per plant and seed yield at the highest combined application rates of the two fertilizers were 40 and 60%, compared to the control of the two fertilizers. Generally, the present study has shown that the integrated use of manure (10 ton ha-1) and inorganic phosphorus (180 kg P2O5 ha-1) fertilizer resulted in highest seed yield of groundnut compared to the application of either fertilizer alone.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_26201_712086e102493e0bfaff8adb9e1c9c68.pdf
2017-03-01
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10.26655/ijabbr.2017.1.5
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)
Manure
Phosphorus
Seed yield
Bethlehem
Melese
1
Wondogenet Research Center, P.O.Box 198, Shashemene, Ethiopia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nigussie
Dechassa
2
Haromaya University, P.O.Box 138, Diredawa Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Brady, N.C. and Weill, R.R., 2002. The nature and properties of soils (13th ed.) Pearson education Ltd., U S A. 156-198
1
CSA (central statistical authority), 2015. Area and production of crops volume 1 statistical bulletins. Central Statistical Authority. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 446.
2
Daniel E., 2009.Groundnut research presentation for workshop. Werer Agricultural Research Center (unpublished).
3
FAOSTAT. 2010. Available at http://faostat.fao.org/. Accessed date March 2, 2011.
4
Jan A, K. Naveed, and Jan, T, 2002. Residual effect of groundnut and soil amendments on the Performance of gram under rain fed conditions. Asian J plant sci. 6(1): 625-627.
5
Karkannavar, J.C., Venugopal, R. and Goud, J.V, 1991. Inheritance and linkages studies in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. Indian J. Gen. 51:203-207.
6
Odunze A.C and Chiezey, U.F., 2009. Soybean response to application of poultry manure and phosphorus fertilizer in the sub-humid savanna of Nigeria: J. of Eco. and Nat. Enviro. 1(2), 025-031.
7
Pande S, Bandyopadhyay R, Blümmel M, Narayana Rao J, Thomas D, Navi S.S., 2003. Disease management factors influencing yield and quality of sorghum and groundnut crop residues. Field Crops Res. 84(1-2): 89-103.
8
Roy R.N., Finck A., Blair G.J., Tandon H.L.S., 2006. Plant nutrition for food security. A guide for integrated nutrient management. Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations. FAO Fert. and Plant Nutr. Bulletin 16. Rome.348p
9
Ryan, J., George Estefan and Abdul Rashid. 2001. Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual. Second Edition. Jointly published by the International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC).
10
Sanchez P. A, K.D. Shepherd, M.J Soule, F.M. Place, R. J. Buresh, and A.N. Izac. 1998. Soil Fertility Replenishment in Africa: An Investment in Natural Resource Capital. In Replenishing soil fertility in Africa, eds. R. J. Buresh, P. A. Sanchez, and F. Calhoun, Special Publication No. 51, 1–46. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America
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SAS, 2000. (Statistical Analysis). SAS user guide, statistic SAS Inc. Cary. North Carolina, USA.
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Sharma, S. C., Vyas, A. K. and Shakiawat, M. S., 2002, Effect of levels and sources of phosphorous under the influence of farm yard manure on growth determinants and productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L .) Merill]. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 36: 123-127.
13
Shenoy, V.V. and Kalagudi, G.M., 2005. Enhancing plant phosphorus use efficiency for sustainable cropping. Biotech. Adv., 23:501-513.
14
Upadhyaya, H.D, Reddy, L.J., Gowda C.L.L., Singh, S. 2006. Identification of diverse groundnut germplasm: Sources of early maturity in a core collection. Field Crops Res. 97(23): 261-271.
15
Zeidan, M.S., 2007. Effect of organic manure and phosphorus fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of lentil plants in sandy soil. Res. J. of Agri. and Biol. Sci.,3 (6); 748-752.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficacy of Rhinoceros Beetle (Xylotrupes Gideon) Nano Chitosan and Calcium Mouthwash in Reducing Quantity Oral Cavity Bacteria among Elementary School Age Children
Objective: The level of dental and oral hygiene on elementary school age children is very low, so it can be increasing the incidence of dental and oral diseases which caused by various microorganisms. Mouthwash can keeping dental and oral hygiene, but many commercial mouthwash is still used alcohol as their ingredients, which can be giving side effects, therefore, we still needed used alternative mouthwash, which made from nano chitosan and nano calcium, derived from nature Xylotrupes Gideon. Methods: This is a experimental study with pre and post test control group design using total plate count method. Total is 27 subjects, aged 9 years. Processing data is done by statistical test Chi Square, and one way ANOVA with software of SPSS 23. Results: Results showed that serum concentration of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) when compared with the fluid from three follicles size categories (Small, Medium and large follicles in CL+ and CL- ovaries). The differences between follicle size categories in CL- ovaries were only significant for concentrations of glucose and triglyceride. The FF concentration of glucose and cholesterol in same follicle size categories (Small, Medium and large follicles in CL+ and CL- ovaries) were significant (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Measurement results the quantity of bacteria suggested that decreased of bacteria colonies before and after gargle, on negative control 30%-73%, positive control 33%-100%, the 250ppm concentration is 95% -100%, 500ppm and 750 ppm concentration is 100%. Nanoparticles of chitosan and calcium-based mouthwash formulation from X. gideon has the ability to reduce oral bacterial colonies quantity among elementary school age children. More high concentrations of mouthwash formulations which are used more low quantity of oral bacteria colonies.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_26202_41cfa5aca8fa7a4831074580223041a9.pdf
2017-03-01
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10.26655/ijabbr.2017.1.6
Mouthwash
Nano chitosan
Nano calcium
Bacterial quantity
Ade
Komariah
1
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Trisakti Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Roberto A
Tatara
2
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Trisakti Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Del A
Bustami
3
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Trisakti Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Bansal, V., Sharma, P.K., Sharma, N., Pal, P.O., Malviya, R., 2011. Applications of chitosan and chitosan derivatives in drug delivery. Advances in Biological Research, 5(1), 28-37.
1
Batabyal, B., Chakraborty, S., Biswas, S., 2012. Role of the oral micro flora in human population: A brief review. Int. J. of Pharm. and Life Sci., 3(12), 2220-2227.
2
Brigger, I., Dubernet, C., Couvreur, P., 2002. Nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 54, 631-651.
3
Cheung, R.C.F., Ng, T.B., Wong, J.H., Chan W.Y., 2015. Chitosan: An update on potential. Mar., Drugs 2015, 13, 5156-5186.
4
Davis, G., 2001. The coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinocheos) with articular reference to the palau islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Buletin, 212: 267-304.
5
Dorout, I.A., 2014. Oral bacterial interactions in periodontal health and disease. J. Den.Oral Hyg., 6(5),51-57.
6
Farah, C.S., Mc lntosh, L., Mc Cullough, M.J., 2009. Mouthwashes. Australian Prescriber, 31(6),162-164.
7
Goy, R.C., De Britto, D., Assis, O.B.G., 2009. A review of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan. Polímeros Sci. Tecnologia, 19(3),241-247.
8
Joshi, N., Rajesh, R., Sunitha, M., 2005. Prevalence of dental caries among school children in Kulasekharam village:acorrelated prevalence survey. J. Indian Soc. Pedod. Prev. Dent.,138-40.
9
Khan, N.B., Al Ghannam, N.A., Al Shammery, A.R., Wyne, A.H., 2001. Caries in primary school children: Prevalence, severity and pattern in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dental Journal, 13(2),71-74.
10
Klais, P.K., Mandar, M., Leibur, E., Marcotte, E., Hammarstrom, L., Mikelsaar, M.. 2005. Oral Lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health: species composition and antimicrobial activity. Oral Microbiology Immunology, 20,354–361.
11
Komariah, A., Astuti, L., 2012. Preparation and characterization of chitin contained in the exoskeletons of beetles Rhinoceros Beetle (Xylotrupes gideon L) and infestation of rice (Sitophilus oryzae L). Proceedings National Seminar of Biology IX. Faculty of Biology UNS, 648-654.
12
Law, V., Seow, W.K., Townsend, G., 2007. Factors influencing oral colonization of mutans streptococci in young children. Australian Dental J., 52(2),93-100.
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Liu, G., Tang, C.M., Exley, R.M., 2012. Non-pathogenic Neisseria: members of an abundant, multi-habitat, diverse genus. Microbiology 161,1297–1312.
14
Majumdar, S., Singh, A.B., 2014. Normal microbial flora of oral cavity. J. of Adv. Medical and Dental Sci. Research, 2(4),62-66.
15
Mashima, I., Fujita, M., Nakatsuka, Y., Kado, T., Furuichi, Y., Herastuti, S., Nakazawa, F., 2015. The distribution and frequency of oral veillonella spp. associated with chronic periodontitis. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 4(3),150-160.
16
Mirhashemi, A.H., Bahador, A., Kassaee, M.Z., Daryakenari, G., Akhoundi, A.M., Sodagar, A., 2013. Antimicrobial effect of nano-zinc oxide and nano-chitosan particles in dental composite used in orthodontics. J. Med. Bacteriol, 2(3),1-10.
17
Notohartojo, I.T., Andayasari, L., 2013. Values of dental hygiene pulogadung industrial employees in Jakarta. Health Systems Research Bulletin, 16(2),168–175.
18
Ogata, B., Trahms, C., 2003. Nutrition and oral health for children. Nutrition Focus, 18(6),1-10.
19
Puvvada, S., Vankayalapati, S., Sukhavasi, S., 2012. Extraction of chitin from chitosan from exoskeleton of shrimp for application in the pharmaceutical industry. International Current Pharmaceutical J., 1(9), 258-263.
20
Sampakang T, Paulina N, Gunawan J. Oral hygiene status of children aged 9-11 years and brushing the night before going to bed at SDN Melonguane. Jurnal e-GiGi (eG) 2015, 3(1),1-4.
21
Sarmento, B., Ribeiro, A., Veiga, F., Ferreira, D., Neufeld, R., 2007. Oral bioavailability of insulin contained in polysaccharide nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules, 8,3054-3060.
22
Scannapieco, F.A., 1997. Saliva-bacterium interactions in oral microbial ecology. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine, 5(4),203-248.
23
Schaeffer, L.M., Szewczyk, G., Nesta, J., Mark, V., Du-Thumm, L., Williams, I., Arvanitidou, E.. 2011. In vitro antibacterial efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthwashes. Clin. Dent., 22,183–186.
24
Stern, S.T., McNeil, S.C., 2008. Nanotechnology safety concerns revisited. Toxilogical Sci.,101(1), 4-21.
25
Sun, K., Li, Z.H., 2013. Preparations, properties and applications of chitosan based nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning. express Polymer Letters, 5(4),342–361.
26
Tiyaboonchai, W., 2003. Chitosan nanoparticles : A promising system for drug delivery. Naresuan University J.,11(3), 51-66.
27
Yah, C.S., Iyuke, S.E., Simate, G.S., 2012. Nanoparticles toxicity and their routes of exposures. Iranian J. Pharmaceutical Sci.,25, 477-491.
28
Yamaguchi, M., Terao, Y., Ogawa, T., Takahashi, T., Hamada, S., Kawabata, S., 2006. Role of Streptococcus sanguinis sortase in bacterial colonization. Microbes and Infection, 8,2791-2796.
29
Yogeshkumar,G., Atul, G., Adhikrao, Y., 2013. Chitosan and Its applications: A review of literature. International J. Res. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sci., 4(1),312-333.
30
Zhu, L., Petersen, P.E., Wang, H.Y., Bian, J.Y., Zhang, B.X., 2005. Oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of adults in China. Int. Dent. J., 55, 231–241.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in cerebrospinal fluid in different types of meningitis
Objective: Meningitis is life-threatening condition and examination of the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may not give a precise diagnosis and prognosis of different types of meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is still a very common problem especially in many developing countries. The aims of study are to estimate the importance and significance of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), protein and sugar in CSF of different types of meningitis. Methods: A total of 160 cases, aged between 1 month and 60 years, including patients with bacterial meningitis (n=50), pyogenic meningitis (n=46), viral meningitis (n=24) and a control group (n=40), were analyzed on the basis of data from the initial clinical examinations. Results: Significant increase in LDH level (P<0.001) were observed in the test group when compared to the control group. The LDH activity was significantly elevated in the CSF and serum (p < 0.001) in cases of pyogenic (PM) as well as tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Bacterial meningitis is more common than non bacterial meningitis. The enzymatic activity of LDH although significantly raised in PM compared to TBM but there was no cutoff level to differentiate them. The LDH level did rise quite significantly in pyogenic meningitis.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_26203_edaf6235277b81a7a3b6b253f37a630f.pdf
2017-03-01
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51
10.26655/ijabbr.2017.1.7
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Meningitis
Ranbeer kumar
Singh
1
Department of Microbiology Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar, india
AUTHOR
Farhan
Usmani
2
Department of Biochemistry, Patna medical college and Hospital, Patna, India
AUTHOR
Syed Shahzadul
Haque
3
Department of Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna-14, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Md.
Tanweeruddin
4
Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, ECR, Danapur, india
AUTHOR
Baban Kumar
Singh
5
Department of Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna-14, India
AUTHOR
Bruns, F.H., Jacob W. and Wevermick,F.: Clinical Chemical acta, 1:63, 1956.
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Wroblewski, F. , Decker, B. and Wroblewski, R. : Activity of Lactic dehydrogenase in spinal fluid Amer. Jr. Clin. Path. 28: 269, 1957.
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Feigin, R.D. and E. Pearlman, 2004. Bacterial Meningitis beyond the Neonatal Period. In: Text Book of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Feigin, R.D., G.J. Demmler, J.D. Cherry and S.L. Kaplan, (Eds.). Saunders, Philadelphia, pp: 443-474.
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Paradowski M, Lebos M, Kuydowicz J, et al. Acute phase proteins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in the course of bacterial meningitis. Clin Biochem 1995; 28(4):459-66.
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Sormunen P, Kallio MJT, Kilpi T, et al. C-reactive protein is useful in distinguishing gram stain-negative bacterial meningitis from viral meningitis in children. J Pediatr 1999;134 (6):725-9.
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Jadali, F., Sharifi, M., Jarollahi, A., & Nahidi, S. (2009). C - Reactive protein And Lactate Dehydrogenase in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rapid and Early Diagnosis of Childhood Meningitis. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology., 1(4), 37-46.
8
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children. J Pediatr. 134(6):725-9.
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Snyder RD. Bacterial meningitis: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2003; 3(6):461-9. Sharma M. and Nand N. : Evaluation of Enzymes in Pyogenic and Tuberculous meningitis. JAPI, Vo. 54, Feb. 2006.
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Moshe Nussinovitch et al : Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in children with bacterial and aseptic meningitis. Accepted June 2009.
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