ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Changes in growth, chlorophyll content and grain yield of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in response to water stress, chemical and biological fertilizers and salicylic acid
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phyto-hormone that regulates physiological and biological processes in plants and can be used to improve plant growth under different environmental conditions, including water stress. Thus, a field experiment as split plot factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted in 2014 to investigate the effects of fertilizer and salicylic acid on growth, chlorophyll content and grain yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plants under drought stress. Treatments were three levels of water supply (irrigation after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A pan) and four levels of fertilizer application (control, 100 kg ha-1 Urea, Nitrokara (biofertilizer) and 50% Urea + Nitrokara) and foliar spray of salicylic acid (0 and 1 mM). Results indicated that water deficit had a significant reduction effect on leaf area, chlorophyll content, fresh weight of root and leaf and grain yield. Salicylic acid and 50% Urea + Nitrokara resulted in a significant increase of all traits under stress and well watering conditions. Although highest amount of studied traits was observed in plants treated with SA or application of 50% Urea and Nitrokara under well watering, but the changes rate was higher under stress conditions. Therefore, salicylic acid and combination of urea and Nitrokara can be used to promote growth of coriander under different water availabilities, which ultimately can enhance field performance of this plant.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_23313_696552f0307b4b0b1e921fa0a5b95944.pdf
2016-09-01
229
237
10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.1
Fertilizer
Chlorophyll
Coriander
Salicylic acid
Water stress
Yield
Farhood
Yeganehpoor
1
Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeid
Zehtab Salmasi
2
Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Jalil
Shafagh Kolvanagh
3
Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Kazem
Ghassemi Golezani
4
Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Soheila
Dastborhan
5
Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Afshari, M., Shekari, F., Azimkhani, R., Habibi, H., Fotokian, M.H., 2013. Effects of foliar application of salicylic acid on growth and physiological attributes of cowpea under water stress conditions. Iran. Agr. Res., 32(1), 55-70.
1
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El-Shraiy, A.M.E., Hegazi, A.M., 2009. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid, indole-3-bytric acid and gibberellic acid on plant growth and yield of pea (Pisum Sativum L.). Aust. J. Basic. Appl. Sci., 3(4), 3514-3523.
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Harper, J.R., Balke, N.E., 1981. Characterization of the inhibition of K absorption in oats roots by salicylic acid. Plant. Physiol., 68(6), 1349-1353.
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Kadioglu, A., Saruhan, N., Saglam, A., Terzi, R., Acet, T., 2011. Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates effects of long term drought stress and delays leaf rolling by inducing antioxidant system. Plant. Growth. Regul., 64(1), 27-37.
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Khan, W., Prithiviraj, B., Smith, D.L., 2003. Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. J. Plant. Physiol., 160(5), 485-492.
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Khodary, S.E.A., 2004. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt-stressed maize plants. Int. J. Agr. Biol., 6(1), 5-8.
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Leena, K., Sharma, A., Lodi, S., 2012. Potential health benefits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum): An overview. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Develop., 4(2), 10-20.
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Mahendra, P., Bisht, S., 2011. Coriandrum sativum: A daily use spice with great medicinal effect. Pharm. J., 3(21), 84-88.
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Parsons, L.R., 1982. Plant responses to water stress. In: Breeding plants for less favorable environments. Edited by Christiansen, M.N., Lewis, C.F. J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 175-192.
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Pastenes, C., Pimentel, P., Lillo, J., 2005. Leaf movements and photoinhibition in relation to water stress in field-grown beans. J. Exp. Bot., 56, 425-433.
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Rahimi-Shokooh, A., Dehghani-Meshkani, M.R., Mehrafarin, A., Khalighi-sigaroodi, F., Naghdi-Badi, H., 2013.Changes in essential oil composition and leaf traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) affected by bio-stimulators/ fertilizers application.J. Med. Plant., 12(47), 83-92.
36
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Sahib, N.G., Anwar, F., Gilani, A.H., Hamid, A.A., Saari, N., Alkharfy, K.M., 2013. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.): A potential source of high-value components for functional foods and nutraceuticals - a review. Phytother. Res., 27, 1439-1456.
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Sayyari, M., Ghavami, M., Ghanbari, F., Kordi, S., 2013. Assessment of salicylic acid impacts on growth rate and some physiological parameters of lettuce plants under drought stress conditions. Int. J. Agr. Crop. Sci., 5(17), 1951-1957.
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Wu, S.C., Cao, Z.H., Li, Z.G., Cheung, K.C., Wong, M.H., 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: A greenhouse trial. J. Geoderma., 125, 155-166.
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Yordanova, R., Popova, L., 2007. Effect of exogenous treatment with salicylic acid on photosynthetic activity and antioxidant capacity of chilled wheat. Gen. Appl. Plant. Physiol., 33, 155-170.
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Zamaninejad, M., Khavari-Khorasani, S., Jami-Moeini, M., Heidarian, A.R., 2013. Effect of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) under drought condition. Eur. J. Exp. Biol., 3(2), 153-161.
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficacy of Rhinoceros Beetle (Xylotrupes gideon) nano chitosan and calcium mouthwash in reducing quantity oral cavity bacteria among elementary school age children
The level of dental and oral hygiene on elementary school age children is very low, so it can be increasing the incidence of dental and oral diseases which caused by various microorganisms. Moutwash can keep dental and oral hygiene, but many commercial mouthwash is still used alcohol as their ingredients, which can be giving side effects, therefore, we still needed used alternative mouthwash, which made from nano chitosan and nano calcium, derived from nature Xylotrupes gideon. This is a experimental study with pre and post test control group design using total plate count method. Total is 27 subjects, aged 9 years. Processing data is done by statistical test Chi Square, and one way ANOVA with software of SPSS 23. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of nano chitosan and nano calcium-based mouthwash formulations on lowering quantity of oral bacteria colonies among elementary schools children age. Measurement results the quantity of bacteria suggested that decreased of bacteria colonies before and after gargle, on negative control 30%-73%, positive control 33%-100%, the 250ppm concentration is 95% -100%, 500 ppm and 750 ppm concentration is 100%. Nanoparticles of chitosan and calcium-based mouthwash formulation from X. gideon has the ability to reduce oral bacterial colonies quantity among elementary school age children. More high concentrations of mouthwash formulations which are used more low quantity of oral bacteria colonies.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_23314_9f5b239ceba7022d42164b1faa1f62fe.pdf
2016-09-01
238
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10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.2
Mouthwash
Nano chitosan
Nano calcium
Bacterial quantity
Ade
Komariah
1
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Roberto
A Tatara
2
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Del
A Bustami
3
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Bansal, V., Sharma, P.K., Sharma, N., Pal, P.O., Malviya, R., 2011. Applications of chitosan and chitosan derivatives in drug delivery. Adv. Biol. Res., 5(1), 28-37.
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Batabyal, B., Chakraborty, S., Biswas, S., 2012. Role of the oral micro flora in human population: A brief review. Int. J. Pharm. Life. Sci., 3(12), 2220-2227.
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Brigger, I., Dubernet, C., Couvreur, P., 2002. Nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 54, 631-651.
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Cheung, R.C.F., Ng, T.B., Wong, J.H., Chan, W.Y., 2015. Chitosan: An update on potential. Mar., Drugs 2015, 13, 5156-5186.
4
Davis, G., 2001. The coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinocheos) with articular reference to the palau islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Buletin, 212, 267-304.
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Dorout, I.A., 2014. Oral bacterial interactions in periodontal health and disease. J. Dent. Oral. Hyg., 6(5), 51-57.
6
Farah, C.S., Mc lntosh, L., Mc Cullough, M.J., 2009. Mouthwashes. Australian Prescriber, 31(6), 162-164.
7
Goy, R.C., De Britto, D., Assis, O.B.G., 2009. A review of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan. Polímer. Sci. Tecnol., 19(3), 241-247.
8
Joshi, N., Rajesh, R., Sunitha, M., 2005. Prevalence of dental caries among school children in Kulasekharam village: Acorrelated prevalence survey. J. India Soc. Pedod. Prev. Dent., 138-40.
9
Khan, N.B., Al Ghannam, N.A., Al Shammery, A.R., Wyne, A.H., 2001. Caries in primary school children: Prevalence, severity and pattern in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Saudi. Dent. J., 13(2), 71-74.
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Klais, P.K., Mandar, M., Leibur, E., Marcotte, E., Hammarstrom, L., Mikelsaar, M., 2005. Oral Lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health: Species composition and antimicrobial activity. Oral. Microbiol. Immunol., 20, 354–361.
11
Komariah, A., Astuti, L., 2012. Preparation and characterization of chitin contained in the exoskeletons of beetles Rhinoceros Beetle (Xylotrupes gideon L) and infestation of rice (Sitophilus oryzae L). Proceedings National Seminar of Biology IX. Faculty of Biology UNS, 648-654.
12
Law, V., Seow, W.K., Townsend, G., 2007. Factors influencing oral colonization of mutans streptococci in young children. Aust. Dent. J., 52(2), 93-100.
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Liu, G., Tang, C.M., Exley, R.M., 2012. Non-pathogenic Neisseria: Members of an abundant, multi-habitat, diverse genus. Microbiol., 161, 1297–1312.
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Majumdar, S., Singh, A.B., 2014. Normal microbial flora of oral cavity. J. Adv. Med. Dent. Sci. Res., 2(4), 62-66.
15
Mashima, I., Fujita, M., Nakatsuka, Y., Kado, T., Furuichi, Y., Herastuti, S., Nakazawa, F., 2015. The distribution and frequency of oral veillonella spp. associated with chronic periodontitis. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci., 4(3), 150-160.
16
Mirhashemi, A.H., Bahador, A., Kassaee, M.Z., Daryakenari, G., Akhoundi, A.M., Sodagar, A., 2013. Antimicrobial effect of nano-zinc oxide and nano-chitosan particles in dental composite used in orthodontics. J. Med. Bacteriol., 2(3), 1-10.
17
Notohartojo, I.T., Andayasari, L., 2013. Values of dental hygiene pulogadung industrial employees in Jakarta. Health Systems Research Bulletin, 16(2), 168–175.
18
Ogata, B., Trahms, C., 2003. Nutrition and oral health for children. Nutrition Focus, 18(6), 1-10.
19
Puvvada, S., Vankayalapati, S., Sukhavasi, S., 2012. Extraction of chitin from chitosan from exoskeleton of shrimp for application in the pharmaceutical industry. Int. Curr. Pharmaceut. J., 1(9), 258-263.
20
Sampakang, T., Paulina, N., Gunawan, J., 2015. Oral hygiene status of children aged 9-11 years and brushing the night before going to bed at SDN Melonguane. J. e-GiGi (eG), 3(1), 1-4.
21
Sarmento, B., Ribeiro, A., Veiga, F., Ferreira, D., Neufeld, R., 2007. Oral bioavailability of insulin contained in polysaccharide nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules, 8, 3054-3060.
22
Scannapieco, F.A., 1997. Saliva-bacterium interactions in oral microbial ecology. Crit. Rev. Oral. Biol. Med., 5(4), 203-248.
23
Schaeffer, L.M., Szewczyk, G., Nesta, J., Mark, V., Du-Thumm, L., Williams, I., Arvanitidou, E., 2011. In vitro antibacterial efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthwashes. Clin. Dent., 22, 183–186.
24
Stern, S.T., McNeil, S.C., 2008. Nanotechnology safety concerns revisited. Toxilogical. Sci., 101(1), 4-21.
25
Sun, K., Li, Z.H., 2013. Preparations, properties and applications of chitosan based nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning. Express Polymer Letters, 5(4), 342–361.
26
Tiyaboonchai, W., 2003. Chitosan nanoparticles: A promising system for drug delivery. Naresuan. Univ. J., 11(3), 51-66.
27
Yah, C.S., Iyuke, S.E., Simate, G.S., 2012. Nanoparticles toxicity and their routes of exposures. Iran. J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 25, 477-491.
28
Yamaguchi, M., Terao, Y., Ogawa, T., Takahashi, T., Hamada, S., Kawabata, S., 2006. Role of Streptococcus sanguinis sortase in bacterial colonization. Microbes and Infection, 8, 2791-2796.
29
Yogeshkumar, G., Atul, G., Adhikrao, Y., 2013. Chitosan and Its applications: A review of literature. Int. J. Res. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Sci., 4(1), 312-333.
30
Zhu, L., Petersen, P.E., Wang, H.Y., Bian, J.Y., Zhang, B.X., 2005. Oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of adults in China. Int. Dent. J., 55, 231–241.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation and characterization of yeast species from ensete ventricosum product; Kocho and Bulla collected from Angacha district
Kocho and Bula are fermented product of Enset (Ensete ventricosum). It is the staple food for 20 million people in Ethiopia. The aim of study was to isolate, identify and characterize yeast species from fermented kocho and bulla by using Biolog Micro station. 300 Kocho samples were collected from Angacha District. 0.1ml of serially diluted samples were Streaked on yeast pepton dextrose agar and incubated at 280C. Pure yeast colony inoculum were prepared at 9ml distilled water at 49% +2 turbidometer and transferred in to YT micro plate. Incubated for 24-72 hours at 28oC and micro plate reading were carried out using MicroLog 3 Software version. 4.20.05. Seven yeast species were identified from study samples. Biolog Micro station 100% probability and >0.5 Similarity read identify Cryptococcus albidus Var aerus, Guilliermondella selenospora, Rhodotorula acheniorum and Trichosporon beigelii. 99% Cryptococcus terreus A, 98% Candida zylandase, 86% Kluyveramyces delphensis respectively. Characterization of yeast involved in kocho fermentation is very important for formulation of starter culture, improving, standardizing and modernizing quality of traditional Enset fermentation and preparation.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_23315_80669f54be839a3e83aa866b55e09412.pdf
2016-09-01
246
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10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.3
Bulla
Enseteventricosum
Kocho
Fermentation
Yeast
Birhanu
Gizaw
1
Microbial Biodiversity Directorate Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute P.O. box 30726 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zerihun
Tsegay
2
Microbial Biodiversity Directorate Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute P.O. box 30726 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Belay
Tilahun
3
Microbial Biodiversity Directorate Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute P.O. box 30726 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Abegaz Gashe, B., 1987a. Kocho fermentation. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 62, 473-477.
1
Ashenafi, M., Abebe, Y., 1996a. Microbial load and incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in market ''Bulla'' and ''Kotcho'', traditional Ethiopian processed food products from Enset (Enseteventricosum). Ethiop. J. Health. Dev., 10, 117-122.
2
Bekatorou, A., 2006. Food grade yeasts. Food. Technol. J. Biotechnol., 44(3), 407–415.
3
Biolog, 1993. YT Microplate instruction for use. Biolog, Inc.
4
Casadevall, A., Perfect, J.R., 1998. Cryptococcus neoformans. Washington (DC), ASM Press, 2.
5
Chaskes, S., Tyndall, R.L., 1975. Pigment production by Cryptococ- cusneoformans from para-diphenols andortho-diphenols: Effect of the nitrogen source. J. Clin. Microb., 1, 509-514.
6
Demeke, T., 1986. Is Ethiopia's Enseteventricosum crop her greatest potential food?. Agr. Int., 12, 362-365.
7
Kregervan Rij, N.J.W., 1964. A taxonomic study of the yeast genera Endomycopsis, Pichia, and Debaryomyces, 1.
8
Kurtzman, C.P., Fell, J.W., 2006. yeast systematics and phylogeny-implications of molecular identification methods for studies in ecology. Biodiversity and Ecophysiology of Yeasts, The Yeast Handbook, 11-30.
9
Panneerselvam, A., Maragatham, C., 2011. Isolation, identification and characterization of wine yeast from rotten papaya fruits for wine production. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(2), 93-98.
10
Pijls, L.T.J., Timmer, A.A.M., Wolde-Gebriel, Z., West, C.E., 1995. Cultivation, preparation and consumption of Ensete (Enseteventricosum) in Ethiopia. J. Sci. Food. Agr., 67, 1-11.
11
Tedla, M., Abebe, Y., 1994. Study of “Enset” processing and development of “Enset” processing tools in the southern region of Ethiopia (Monograph) ACA/NORAGRIC Research Project. Awassa College of Agriculture, Addis Ababa Unversity, Ethiopia, 3, 23-39.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of cultivated oregano (Origanumvulgare) against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli
The present study was carried out to determine the potential antibacterial effect of essential oil of Origanumvulgare against antibiotic resistant E.coli. In this study, the essential oil of Origanumvulgare obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to determine their chemical composition. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were investigated to characterize the antimicrobial activities of this essential oil. The results in tables 1 showed that essential oil of Origanumvulgare had inhibitory effect against most isolated plates. The least MIC value of essential oil of Origanumvulgare was 0.62 mg/ml and the highest MBC value of essential oil of Origanumvulgare were 5 mg/ml and 10mg/ml. The present studies confirm the use of this essential oil as antibacterial agent. Further research is required to evaluate the practical values of therapeutic applications.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_23316_80a1f6a1a6ec3c659a828772500161b7.pdf
2016-09-01
253
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10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.4
essential oil
Origanumvulgare
E. coli
Antibacterial activity
Morad
Soleimani Sarghashk
1
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Musa
Khammari
2
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Davood
Khammari
3
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Saphora
Bazi
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Baydar, H., Sagdic, O., Ozkan, G., Karadogan, T., 2004. Antibacterial activity and composition of essential oils from Origanum, Thymbra and Satureja species with commercial importance in Turkey. Food. Control., 15, 169-72.
1
Burt, S., 2004. Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods – a review. Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 94, 223-53.
2
Chaudhry, N.M.A., Saeed, S., Tariq, P., 2007. Antibacterial effects of Oregano (Origanum Vulgare) against gram negative bacteria. Pak. J. Bot., 39(2), 609-613.
3
Da Costa, A.C., Cavalcanti dos Santos, B.H., Santos Fillho, L., de Oliveira Lima, E., 2009. Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Origanumvulgare L. (Lamiaceae) against bacterial multiresistant strains isolated from nosocomial patients. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., 19(1).
4
Kokkini, S., Karousou, R., Dardioti, A., Krigas, N., Lanaras, T., 1997. Autumn essential oils of Greek oregano. Phytochem., 44, 883-6.
5
Moradi, M., Hassani, A., Ehsani, A., Hashemi, M., Raeisi, M., Naghibi, S.S., 2014. Phytochemical and Antibacterial properties of Origanum Vulgare ssp. Gracile growing wild in Kurdistan province of iran. J. Food. Q. Hazard. Contr., 120-124.
6
Ozkan, G., Sagdic, O., Ozcan, M., 2003. Inhibition of pathogenic bacteria by essential oils at different concentrations. Food. Sci. TechnolInt., 9, 85-8.
7
Saeed, S., Tariq, P., 2009. Antibacterial activity of oregano (Origanumvulgare Linn.) against gram positive bacteria. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 22(4), 421-4.
8
Santos, P.R.V., Oliveira, A.C.X., Tomassini,T.C.B., 1985. Controle Microbiogico de Produtos Fitoterapicos. Rev. Farm. Bioquim., 31, 35-38.
9
Stamatis, G., Kyriazopoulos, P., Goleyou, S., Basayiannis, V., Skaltsas, S., Skaltsa, H., 2003. In vitroanti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Greek herbal medicines. J. Ethnopharmacol., 88(2-3), 175-179.
10
Tabrizi, R., Zolala, F., Nasirian, M., Baneshi, M.R., Etminan, A., Sekhavati, E., Khodadost, M., Haghdoost, A.A., 2016. Estimation of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease: The results of a model based estimation in Kerman, Iran. Med. J. Islam. Repub. Iran., 30, 338.
11
Van de Braak, S.A.A.J., Leijten, G.C.J.J., 1999. Essential oils and Oleoresins: A survey in the Netherlands and other major markets in the European union. CBI, centre for the promotion of imports from developing countries, Rotterdam, 116.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of walnut tree root (Juglandaceae) on Escherichia coli resistant to antibiotics
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of walnut tree root (Juglandaceae) on Escherichia coli is resistant to various antibiotics. Walnut tree root extract was obtained using a rotary device. 20 cases of E. coli was obtained from urinary tract infections Zabul hospital and MIC and MBC were determined using dilution in the wells. The results of the study showed that the concentrations of 20 and 10 mg L had the highest inhibitory effect at a concentration of 40 milligrams per milliliter, most have lethal effects. Our results suggest the effect of the extract against the tested bacteria in the laboratory that can represent their effects on living systems.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_23317_ccdd5655ca2149d66d0e1d9caa71b19d.pdf
2016-09-01
257
260
10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.5
Antimicrobial activity
Extract
root
Orchids
E. coli
Morad
Soleimani Sarghashk
1
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Musa
Khammari
2
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Davood
Khammari
3
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Collage of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Saphora
Bazi
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Amaral, J.S., Alves, M., Seabra, R., Oliveira, B., 2005. Vitamin E composition of walnuts (Juglansregia L.): A 3-year comparative study of different cultivars. J. Agr. Food. Chem., 53, 5467-5472.
1
Amaral, J.S., Casal, S., Pereira, J., Seabra, R., Oliveira, B., 2003. Determination of sterol and fatty acid compositions, oxidative stability, and nutritional value of six walnut (Juglansregia L.) cultivars grown in Portugal. J. Agr. Food. Chem., 51, 7698-7702.
2
Afkari, R., Taheri, A., Delkhosh, Y., Sekhavati, E., Pirouzi, A., 2016. The Status of Hepatitis G/C Virus among HIV Positive Patients and Effects of GBV-C on the Progress of HIV Infection. Research Journal of Medical Sciences 10 (3): 91-96.
3
Afkari, R., Taheri, A., Galavi, H.R., Sekhavati, E., Damanni, E., Lotfi Mola, F., (2016).The Effect of an Education Program Based Onprotection Motivation Theory (PMT) on Improving Nutritional Performance of Elderly People. Research Journal of Medical Sciences 10 (3): 97-101, 2016.
4
Beg, A.Z., Ahmad, I., 2000. Effect of Plumbagozeylanica extract and certain curing agents on multidrug resistant bacteria of clinical origin. World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 16(8-9), 841-4.
5
Chaleshtori, F., RafieianKoopayee, M., Doris, F., Ashrafi, K., 2010. Compare antibacterial effect of ethanolic walnut leaf extract with chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans and sanguinis Iran. Dandanpizishki J., (4)22, 211-217.
6
De Souza, E.L., Stamford, T.L.M., de Oliveira Lima, E., 2005. Antimicrobial effectiveness of spices: An approach for use in food conservation systems. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 48(4), 549-58.
7
Gulluce, M., Aslan, A., Sokmen, M., Sahin, F., Adiguzel, A., Agar, G., Sokmen, A., 2006. Screening the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Parmeliasaxatilis, Platismatiaglauca, Ramalinapollinaria, Ramalinapolymorpha and Umbilicarianylanderiana. Phytomedicine, 13, 515–521.
8
Isanga, J., Zhang, G.N., 2007. Biological active components and nutraceuticals in peanuts and related products. Food. Rev. Intl., 23, 123-140.
9
Miraliakbari, H., Shahidi, F., 2008. Oxidative stability of tree nut oils. J. Agr. Food. Chem., 56, 4751-4759.
10
Noumi, E., Snoussi, M., Hajlaoui, H., Valentin, E., Bakhrouf, A., 2010. Antifungal properties of Salvadorapersica and Juglansregia L. extracts against oral Candida strains. Eur. J. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 29, 81-88.
11
Rowe, J.G., Saenz, M.T., 1989. Contribution aa’l e’ tudedel’ activitantibactériennede queques lichens du suddel’Espagne. Pharmaceutique Francaise, 47, 89-94.
12
Sharafati-Chaleshtori, R., Sharafati-Chaleshtori, F., Rafieian, M., 2011. Biological characterization of Iranian walnut (Juglansregia) Leaves. Turk. J. Biol., 35, 635-639.
13
Singh, G., Kapoor, I.P., Pandey, S.K., 2002. Studies on essential oils: Part 10; antibacterial activity of volatile oils of some spices. Phytother. Res., 16(7), 680-682.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of inter and intra row spacing on growth, yield and yield components of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
A field experiment was conducted to assess the optimum inter- and intra-row spacing on growth, yield and yield component of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in 2014/15 cropping season at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center experimental site (at Wondo Genet station). Two inter-row spacing (60 and 90 cm) and three intra-row spacing (30, 60 and 90 cm) were evaluated using two varieties, WG-Hibiscus-Jamaica and WG-Hibiscus-Sudan on a plot size of 3.6 m length x 4.2 m width. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with 12 treatments in three replications. SAS (version 9) software was used to compute the analysis of variance. The results revealed that varieties differed markedly in most of the studied parameters. Of the two varieties tested, variety WG-Hibiscus-Jamaican showed greater plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves/plant, leaf area, leaf area index, days to 50 % flowering, days to 95 % maturity, number of capsules/plant, fresh calyx yield/plant, dry calyx yield/plant, seed yield/plant, total number of capsules/ha, total fresh calyx yield/ha, total dry calyx yield/ha and total seed yield/ha. In contrast, variety WG-Hibiscus-Sudan matures earlier and had heavier 1000 seed weight than variety WG-Hibiscus-Jamaican. The present study demonstrated that, the highest total fresh and dry calyx yield/ha were recorded when WG-Hibiscus-Jamaica and WG-Hibiscus-Sudan were planted at inter-row spacing of 60 cm and intra-row spacing of 30 cm.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_23318_dcacdec253839e487c11b4d3cd3abfae.pdf
2016-09-01
261
275
10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.6
Hibiscus sabdariffa L
Inter-row spacing
Intra-row spacing
Fresh calyx yield
Dry calyx yield
Basazinew
Degu
1
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 198, Shashemene, Ethiopia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bizuayehu
Tesfaye
tbizuayehu@gmail.com
2
Hawassa University College of Agriculture, Department of Plant and Horticultural Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Abayneh, E., Demeke, T., Ashenafi, A., 2006. Soils of Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center. Nat. Soil. Res. Cent., 67.
1
Alessi, J., Power, J.F., Zimmerman, D.C., 1977. Sunflower yield and water use as influenced by planting date.
2
Ali, A., Tahir, M., Ayub, M., Ali, I., Wasaya, A., Khalid, F., 2009. Studies on the effect of plant spacing on the yield of recently approved varieties of cotton. Pak. J. Life. Soc. Sci., 7(1), 25-30.
3
Aluko, O.A., Agbaje, G.O., Olasoji, J.O., 2011. Effect of plant spacing on seed yield and yield components in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) variety, Ifeken 400. Afr. J. Plant. Sci., 5(12), 718-721.
4
Anhwange, B.A., Ajibola, V.O., Okibe, F.G., 2006. Nutritive value and antinutritional factors in Hibiscus sabdariffa. J. Fish. Int., 2, 73-76.
5
Bednarz, C.W., Bridges, D.C., Brown, S.M., 2000. Analysis of cotton yield stability across population densities. Agron. J., 92, 128–135.
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Brar, Z.S., Singh, N., Deal, J.S., 2002. Influence of plant spacing and growth modification practices on yield and its attributing characters of two cotton cultivars (Gossipiumhirsutum L.,). J. Res., 39, 181-183.
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Chen, C.C., Hsu, J.D., Wang, S.F., Chiang, H.C., Yang, M.Y., Kao, E.S., 2002. Hibiscus Sabdariffa extract inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J. Agr. food. Chem., 5, 5472-5477.
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Duke, J.A., Ayensu, E.S., 1985. Medicinal plants of China. 2 vol. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac, MI, USA.
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El Naim, A.M., Khaliefa, E.H., Ibrahim, K.A., Ismaeil, F.M., Zaied, M.B., 2012. Growth and yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as influenced by plant population in Arid tropic of Sudan under rain-fed. Int. J. Agr. Forest., 2(3), 88-91.
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Gholam, S., Moosavi, R., 2012. The effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of roselle. J. Med. Plant. Res., 6(9), 1627-1632.
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Haruna, I.M., 2011. Growth and yield of Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) as influenced by Nitrogen and Intra row spacing in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Nigeria. Elixir. Agr., 41, 5685-5688.
13
Hossain, M.D., Rahman, M.A., Hoque, M.M., Salem, M.A., 2001. Year round okra production and economic return as influenced by spacing in Barisal region. Bangladesh. J. Agr. Res., 25, 319–328.
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Ijoyah, M.O., Unah, P.O., Fanen, F.T., 2010. Response of okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L. Moench) to intra-row spacing in Makurdi, Nigeria. Agr. Biol. J. N. Am., 1(6), 1328-1332.
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Jakusko, B.B.,Usman, B.D., Mustapha, A.B., 2013. Effect of row spacing on growth and yield of Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. IOSR J. Agr. Vet. Sci. (IOSR-JAVS), 2, 36-39.
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Jan, A., Ali, S., Adail, M., Khan, A., 2014. Growth and yield components of sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) as influenced by phosphorus levels under different row spacing. J. Environ. Earth. Sci., 4(22).
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Kays, S.J., 2011. Cultivated vegetables of the world: A multilingual onomasticon. University of Georgia. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 184.
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Lazim, M.E., 1973. Population and cultivar effects on growth and yield of sesame under irrigation. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Khartoum.
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Mahadevan, N., Shivali, K.P., 2009. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn: An overview. Natural Product Radiance, 8, 77–83.
20
Maurya, R.P., Bailey, J.A., Chandler, J.S.A., 2013. Impact of plant spacing and picking interval on the growth, fruit quality and yield of okra (Abelmoschusesculentus (L.) Moench). Am. J. Agr. Forest., 1(4), 48-54.
21
McKay, D.L., Chen, C.Y.O., Saltzman, E., Blumberg, J.B., 2010. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea (tisane) lowers blood pressure in pre-hypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. J. Nutr., 140, 298-303.
22
Mir, B.G., Ravan, S., Asgharipour, M., 2011. Effects of plant density and sowing date on yield and yield components of Hibiscus sabdariffa in Zabol region. Adv. Environ. Biol., 5(6), 1156-1161.
23
Morton, J.F., 1987. Roselle. In fruits of warm climates, ed. C.F. Dowling Jr. Media Inc., Greensboro, NC, USA, 281– 286.
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Mushayabasa, T., Kona, D., Gama, R., 2014. Yield and fruit quality of okra (Abelmoschusesculentus L. Moench) in response to plant density. Int. J. Biosci., 5(1), 449-454.
25
Nnam, N.M., Onyeke, N.G., 2003. Chemical composition of two varieties of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), calyces and the drinks made from them. Plant. Food. Hum. Nutr., 58, 1-7.
26
Patil, K.B., 2004. Effect of various seed rates on yield of leafy vegetable sorrel. J. Soil. Crop., 14(2), 461-462.
27
Perry, I.M., 1980. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia. MIT Press, Cambridge.
28
Rahnama, A., Bakhshandeh, A., 2006. Determination of optimum row-spacing and plant density for uni-branched sesame in Khuzestan province.J. Agr. Sci. Technol., 8, 25-33.
29
Ramos, D.D., Carmoviera, M., Zarate, N.A.H., Yamanto, N.T., Carnevali, T.O., Souza, N.H., 2011. Spacings between plants with chicken manure in roselle crop. Maringa., 33(4), 695-700.
30
SAS Inst., 2002. SAS (Statistical Analysis System, 1996). SAS/STAT. Guide Version 9. SAS, Institute Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
31
Seiyaboh, E.I., Oku, I.Y., Odogbo, O.M., 2013. Isolation and identification of food-borne micro flora from Zobo (A Nigerian drink) prepared from the Calyces Of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae). Int. J. Eng. Sci. (IJES), 2, 2319–1805.
32
Singh, V.K., Yadav, D.S., 1987. Effect of sowing date and row spacing on dwarf fieldse same. India. J. Agron., 34(1), 92-95.
33
Talukder, M.A.H., Mannaf, M.A., Alam, M.K., Salam, M.A., M.M.U., 2003. Influence of sowing time, plant spacing and picking interval on the growth and yield of okra. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 6(18), 1626-1630.
34
Tsai, P.J., McIntosh, J., Pearce, P., Camden, B., Jordan, B.R., 2002. Anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract. Food. Res. Int., 35, 351-356.
35
Uzun, B., Yol, E., Furat, S., 2012. The influence of row and intra-row spacing to seed yield and its components of winter sowing canola in the true Mediterranean type environment. Bulg. J. Agr. Sci., 18, 83-91.
36
Wenyonu, D.K., Norman, J.C., Amissah, N., 2011. The effect of apical pruning and spacing on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschusesculentus (L.) Moench). Ghana. J. Horticult., 9, 79-94.
37
Yakubu, A.I., Magaji, M.D., Okosun, L.A., 2006. Effects of sowing date and planting distance on growth and yield of two cultivars of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffavar. sabdariffa). J. Plant. Sci., 1(4), 297-305.
38
Yayeh, B., Fekremariam, A., Oumer, B., 2014. Effect of plant spacing on the yield and yield component of field Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) at Adet, North Western Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 3(5), 368-373.
39
Zewdinesh, D., Bizuayehu, T., Daniel, B., 2011. Leaf, essential oil and Artemisinin yield of Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) as influenced by harvesting age and plant population density. World. J. Agr. Sci., 7(4), 404-412.
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization of proteolytic enzyme secreted by Streptomyces cinereoruber ssp. cinereoruber isolated from human pleural fluid
Actinomycetes are an uncommon agent of human infections and its pathogenic factors are not known. The present study reports a rare case isolation of an actinomycete from a woman pleural fluid; the strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This strain was tested to produce an extracellular protease that hydrolysis gelatin, casein and hemoglobin on agar mediums. The purification of the enzyme was carried by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies. The activity of protease was studied at different pH values and temperatures and in the presence of metallic ions and inhibitors. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by 12% Tricine SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The strain was identified as Streptomyces cinereoruber ssp. cinereoruber. Extracellular proteolytic enzyme was purified at 19.67 fold and a 3.0% recovery. The enzyme was characterized as having optimal activities at pH 11.0 and 50°C, it keeps more than 50% of activity at pH between 4.0 to 12.0 and it is thermostable at 30 and 40°C. Enzymatic activity is enhanced in the presence of metal ions and inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline. The molecular weight was 53 kDa. This study reports the first case isolation of Streptomyces cinereoruber ssp. cinereoruber from pleural fluid, the extracellular zinc-metalloprotease was proposed as candidate virulence factor.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_23319_4ede387f89935b6547a5986f3fdebb7a.pdf
2016-09-01
276
286
10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.7
Pleural fluid
Streptomyces cinereoruber ssp. cinereoruber
Zinc-metalloprotease
Habiba
Zerizer
habibapost@gmail.com
1
Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologique et Applications, Université des frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fateh
Merouane
ftitouha@hotmail.com
2
Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologique et Applications, Université des frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
AUTHOR
Chahrazad
Bougherara
chahrazedbougherara@hotmail.fr
3
Laboratoire Bioqual, Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires, Université des frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mouhamed
Gagaoua
gmber2001@yahoo.fr
4
Laboratoire Bioqual, Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires, Université des frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
AUTHOR
Kahina
Hafid
hafidkahina@hotmail.com
5
Laboratoire Bioqual, Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro-Alimentaires, Université des frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
AUTHOR
Faiza
Boughachiche
faizasasi@yahoo.fr
6
Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologique et Applications, Université des frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
AUTHOR
Didier
Raoult
didier.raoult@gmail.com
7
Unité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
AUTHOR
Abderrahmane
Boulahrouf
boulahroufabderrahmane@yahoo.fr
8
Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologique et Applications, Université des frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algérie
AUTHOR
Armstrong, P.B., 2006. Proteases and protease inhibitors: a balance of activities in host–pathogen interaction. Immunobiol., 211, 263–281.
1
Cheng, G., He, L., Sun, Z., Cui, Z., Du, Y., Kong, Y., 2015. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Streptomyces sp. P3. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 25, 1449–1459.
2
Chitte, R., Dey, S., 2000. Potent fibrinolytic enzyme from a thermophilic Streptomyces megasporus strain SD5. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 31, 405-410.
3
Dunne, E.F., Burman, W.J., Wilson, M.L., 1998. Streptomyces pneumonia in patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Case report and review of the literature on invasive Streptomyces infections. Clin. Infec. Dis., 27, 93–96.
4
El-Shanshoury, A.E.R.R., El-Sayed, M.A., Sammour, R.H., El-Shouny, W.A., 1995. Purification and partial characterization of two extracellular alkaline proteases from Streptomyces corchorusii ST36. Can. J. Microbiol., 41, 99-104.
5
Felsenstein, J., 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evol., 39, 783-791.
6
Gagaoua, M., Boucherba, N., Bouanane-Darenfed, A., Ziane, F., Nait-Rabah, S., Hafid, K., Boudechicha, H.R., 2014. Three-phase partitioning as an efficient method for the purification and recovery of ficin from mediterranean fig (Ficus carica L.) latex. Separ. Purif. Technol., 132, 461–467.
7
Gugnani, A.C., Unaogu, I.C., Emeruwa, C.N., 1993. Pulmonary infection due to Streptomyces griseus. J. Commun. Dis., 25, 38–40.
8
Hui, Z., Doi, H., Kanouchi, H., Matsuura, Y., Mohri, S., Nonomura, Y., Oka, T., 2004. Alkaline serine protease produced by Streptomyces sp. degrades PrPSc. Bioch. Bioph. Res. Commun., 321, 45-50.
9
Kang, S.G., Kim, I.S., Rho, Y.T., Lee, K.J., 1995. Production dynamics of extracellular proteases accompanying morphological differentiation of Streptomyces albidoflavus SMF301. Microbiol., 141, 3095-3103.
10
Kapadia, M., Rolston, K., Han, X.Y., 2007. Invasive Streptomyces infections: six cases and literature review. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 127, 619–624.
11
Kato, J.Y., Suzuki, A., Yamazaki, H., Ohnishi, Y., Horinouchi, S., 2002. Control by A-factor of a metalloendopeptidase gene involved in aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces griseus. J. Bacteriol., 184, 6016-6025.
12
Lee, S., Kim, K., 2012. Protease activity: meeting its theranostic potential. Theranostics, 2, 125-126.
13
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J., 1951. Protein measurement with the folin-phenol reagents. J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265-275.
14
Manteca, A., Pelaeza, A.I., Garcia-Suareza, M.D.M., Hidalgob, E., Bustob, B.D., Mendeza, F.J., 2008. A rare case of lung coinfection by Streptomyces cinereoruber and Haemophilus influenzae in a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Characterization at species level using molecular techniques. Diag. Microbiol. Infec. Dis., 60, 307–311.
15
Martin, G.J., Blazes, D.L., Mayers, D.L., Spooner, K.M., 1999. Refractory craniofacial actinomycetoma due to Streptomyces somaliensis that required salvage therapy with amikacin and imipenem. Clin. Infec. Dis., 29, 460–461.
16
McNeil, M.M., Brown, J.M., 1994. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: Epidemiology and microbiology. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 7, 357-417.
17
Moreira, K.A., Cavalcanti, M.T.H., Duarte, H.S., Tambourgi, E.B., Magalhães de Melo, E.H., Silva, V.L., Porto, A.L.F., Filho, J.L.D.L., 2001. Partial characterization of proteases from Streptomyces clavuligerus using an inexpensive medium. Braz. J. Microbiol., 32, 215-220.
18
Pellegrini, G.J., Graziano, J.C., Ragunathan, L., Bhat, M.A., Hemashettar, B.M., Browna, J.M., 2012. Scalp abscess due to Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi, first report in a human infection. J. Clin. Microbiol., 50, 1484-1486.
19
Ramesh, S., Rajesh, M., Mathivanan, N., 2009. Characterization of a thermostable alkaline protease produced by marine Streptomyces fungicidicus MML1614. Biopross. Biosys. Eng., 32, 791-800.
20
Riviere, E., Neau, D., Roux, X., Lippa, N., Roger-Schmeltz, J., Mercie, P., Longy Boursier, M., 2012. Pulmonary Streptomyces infection in patient with sarcoidosis, France, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 18, 1907-1909.
21
Rose III, C.E., Brown, J.M., Fisher, J.F., 2008. Brain abscess caused by Streptomyces infection following penetration trauma: Case report and results of susceptibility analysis of 92 isolates of Streptomyces species submitted to the CDC from 2000 to 2004. J. Clin. Microbiol., 46, 821–823.
22
Saitou, N., Nei, M., 1987. The neighbor-joining method-a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol., 4, 406-425.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Vegetative propagation of Rambutan (Nepheliumlappaceum) by marcotting: effect of indole-3-butyric acid concentration
Rambutan tree (Nepheliumlappaceum L.) is an important but a lesser known fruit tree in Ghana and has several nutritional and medicinal uses. Efforts to establish plantation of Rambutan in Ghana to ensure its sustainable use is challenged with unavailable planting materials because the seeds are recalcitrant in nature, loses viability easily when exposed to dryness. Seeds are therefore sown directly after extraction from fruit, even with this, most of the seeds do not germinate. A vegetative propagation technique by marcotting was devised to produce planting materials within 3 months. Four plant species of the same physiological age and spaced 4m apart were tested in complete random design fashion. Marcots were treated with four Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) concentrations (0 Mg/L, 2000 Mg/L, 4000 Mg/L and 6000 Mg/L). Data collected were analysed on number of calluses formed in marcots, survival, shoot and root formation and root length. Comparable but highest survival of marcots was recorded in the 2000 Mg/L of IBA (14.67 +0.33) representing 97.78%. Marcots with 2000 Mg/L IBA concentration recorded highest mean number of roots (8.67 +0.33) formed. Root length ranged from 33.60 +0.52 in the 6000 Mg/L to 19.77 +1.26 in the control (0 Mg/L). Marcots with no IBA recorded 9.00 +0.58 as mean number of callused marcots. It is concluded that vegetative propagation technique by marcotting can be a suitable technique for Rambutan planting materials.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_23320_02f1d9909ae67dbf0c72433b243314ab.pdf
2016-09-01
287
295
10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.8
Indole-3-butyric acid
Vegetative propagation
Plantations
Marcotting
tissue culture
S.D.
Akoto
1
Department of Forest Science, School of Natural Resources, University of Energy and Natural Resources, UENR P.O. Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.A.
Appiah
2
Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg–August–University, Busgenweg 5, Gottingen, German
AUTHOR
D.D.
Appiah
3
Department of Social Forestry, Faculty of Forest Resources Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Zambia
AUTHOR
Abbey, L., 2000. Notes on importance and prospects of Rambutan (Nepheliumlappaceum): A lesser known fruit crop in Ghana. Ghana. J. Agr. Sci., (ISSN0855-0042), National Science and Technology press, Accra.
1
Azam-Ali, S., 2003. Assessment of the current status of post-harvest handling, processing and marketing of underutilised tropical fruits in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. International Centre for underutilised crops, University of Southampton, 100.
2
Bryan, B., 2001. Rambutan (Nepheliumlappaceum). Grafting experiments horticultural research, University of Puerto Rico, 45-51.
3
Canli, F.A., Bozkuri, S., 2009. Effects of Indolebutyric acid on adventitious root formation from semi- hardwood cuttings of “Sarierik” plum. J. Appl. Biol. Sci., 3(1), 45-48, ISSN: 1307-1130.
4
Davies, B.J., Carrick, J.L., Glasser, N.F., Hambrey, M.J., Smellie, P., 2011. A new glacier inventory for 2009 reveal spatial and temporal variability in glacier response to atmospheric warming in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula, 1988-2009. The Cryosphere Discuss, 5, 3541-3594.
5
Davies, D.T., Hassig, B.E., 1990. Chemical control of adventitious root formation in cuttings. Bull. Plant. Growth. Regul. Soc. Am., 18, 1-17.
6
Davies, F.T., Davis, T.D., Kester, D.E., 1994. Commercial importance of adventitious rooting to horticulture. In: Davis, T.D., Haissig, B.E., (eds.). Biology of adventitious root formation. New York: Plenum Press, 53–59.
7
Debnath, M., 2008. Clonal propagation and antimicrobial activity of an endemic medicinal plant stevia hebaudiana. J. Med. Plant. Res., 2(2), 045-051, ISSN: 1996-0875.
8
Dessalegn, Y., Reddy, Y.N., 2003. Effect of different concentrations of auxinns on rooting and root characteristics of air and ground layers of jojoba (Simmondsiachinensis) (Link) C.K. Schneider. Ethiop. J. Sci., 26(2), ISSN: 0379-2897.
9
Geiss, G., Gutierrez, L., Bellini, C., 2009. Adventitious root formation: New insights and perspectives, Wiley-Blackwell, 56-68.
10
Hartmann, H.T., Kester, F.T., Davies, D.E., Geneve, R.L., 2002. Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices, 7th ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
11
Jemaa, E., Ammar, S., Bouzid, S., 2011. Impact of Indole-3-butyric acid and Indole-3-acetic acid on the lateral root growth of Arabidopsis under salt stress conditions. Aust. J. Agr. Eng., ISSN: 1836-9448.
12
Kesari, V., Krishnanmchari, A., Rangen, L., 2009. Effect of auxins on adventitious rooting for stem cuttings of candidates plus tree Pongamiapinnata (L) a potential biodiesel plant. Tree- structure function, 23, 597-604 DOI: 10: 1007/s00468-008-0304x
13
Morton, J.F., 1987. Rambutan. In J.F. Morton (Ed.), Fruits of warm climates (pp. 262e265). Miami, Florida: Julia F. Morton, http://www.agriseta.co.za.
14
Opuni-Frimpong, E., Karnosky, D., Storer, A., Cobbinah, J., 2008. Key roles of leaves, stockplant age, and auxin concentration in vegetative propagation of two African mahoganies: Khayaanthotheca Welw and Khayaivorensis A. Chev. New For., 36, 115–123.
15
Patricio, H.P., Castaneto, Y.T., Vallesteros, A.P., Castarieto, E.T., 2006. Macro propagation of Shoreaguiso using stem cuttings. J. Trop. Forest. Sci., 18, 198-201.
16
Pauku, R.L., 2005. Domestication of indigenous fruit and nut trees for agroforestry in Solomon Islands. James Cook University; http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/22458.
17
Tchoundjeu, Z., Avana, M., Leakey, R., Simons, A., Asaah, E., Duguma, B., Bell, J., 2002. Vegetative of Prunus Africana: Effects of rooting medium, auxin concentration and leaf area. Agroforestry Systems, 54, 183-192.
18
Tindall, H.D., 1994. Rambutan cultivation. FAO plant production and protection food and agriculture organization of the United Nation, Paper 121. Rome, Italy.
19
Verheiji, E.W.M., 1991. Introduction. In: Verheij, E.W.N. and Coronel, R.E. (9eds). Edible Fruits and Nuts. Plant Resources of South East Asia No. 2 Pudoc, Wageningen: Netherlands, 15-56.
20
Watson, B.J., 1984. Rambutan (Nepheliumlappaceum) in Tropical Tree Fruits in Australia, Horticulture Branch, Queensland Department of Primary Industry, UK.
21
Zengibal, H., Ozcan, M., 2006. The effect of IBA treatments on rooting of cuttings in Kiwifruits (Actinidiadelicioba, A. chev.) (In Turkish with English Abstract), J. Fac. Agr. OMu., 21(1), 40-43.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation growth analysis and grain yield of sunflower cultivars under sowing date in dry condition
Sunflower is one of the most important edible oil that growth of annual crops, it is grown over a widely area and is considered a crop adapted to an every environmental conditions, in order to study growth analysis of sunflower under sowing date and cultivars in dry condition a farm experiment was conducted a split plot arranged in a complete randomized block design with three replications in the Dry Research Station. Main plots consist of four level sowing dates with ten-day intervals from (March 30 - April 30) and subplots consist of three cultivars: Record, Zarya and Azargol. In different sowing dates observed that sunflower plants had slow growth in the primary stage afterwards had a quick growth, so in second sowing date sunflower plants had a quick growth with received 1220 growing degree days. Among different cultivars, Record, cultivar had highest crop growth rates and relative growth rate. Record cultivar with 125 days had highest growth duration and Zarya with 122 days had lowest growth duration so sowing date and cultivar had a significant effect on grain yield, grain yield reduced with delayed in sowing date and Record had a highest grain yield. Results of evaluation total dry matter (TDM) showed that Record cultivar had highest total dry matter also, among different cultivars statistical significant different was observed thus delay in sowing date reduced oil yield and highest oil yield was obtained from Record cultivar.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_23327_a328d3b87d3bdacf302438cfe5556720.pdf
2016-09-01
296
304
10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.9
Crop growth rate
Dry condition
Grain yield
Growth analysis
sunflower
Mohsen
Javaheri
mohsenjavaheri5757@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agronomy, Qorveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qorveh, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abelardo, J., de la, Vega, Antonio, J., Hall, 2002. Effects of sowing date, genotype, and their interactions on sunflower yield. Crop. Sci., 42, 1191-1201.
1
Agele, S.O., 2003. Sunflower responses to weather variations in rainyand dry cropping seasons in a tropical rain forest zone. IJOB, 32, 17-33.
2
Aguirrezabal, L.A.N., Lavaud, Y., Dosio, G.A.A., Izquierdo, N.G., Andrade, F.H., Gonza´ lez, L.M., 2003. Intercepted solar radiation during seed filling determines sunflower weight per seed and oil concentration. Crop. Sci., 43, 152-161.
3
Bange, M.P., Hammer, G.L., Rickert, K.G., 1997. Environmental control of potential yield of sunflower in the subtropics. Aust. J. Agr. Res., 48, 231-240.
4
Bange, M.P., Hammer, G.L., Rickert, K.G., 1998. Temperatureand sowing date affect the linear increase of sunflower harvest index. Agron. J., 90, 324-328.
5
Caliskan, M.E., Gngel, E., Cagar, A., Mert, M., 2002. Effect of sowing dateson phonological development, yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) in a Mediterranean type environment. Ind. J. Agron., 43, 427-432.
6
Dabre, W.M., Bang, S.R., 1985. Physiological analysis of yield variation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. PKV Res. J., 9, 19–22 (Field Crop Abst., 39, 8861; 1986).
7
Dennis, S.M., Rahman, L., Baker, J., Reddy, V.R., Fleisher, D., Quebedeaux, B., 2006. Whole plant photosynthesis, development and carbonpartitioning in potato as a function of tempertature. Agron. J., 98, 1195-1203.
8
Hassan, F.U., Leitch, M.H., Ahmad, S., 1997. Growth rhythms of linseed (LinumusitatissimumL.) Pak. J. Bot., 29, 119-123.
9
Hassan, F.U., Leitch, M.H., Ahmad, S., 1999. Dry matter partitioning in Linseed (LinumusitatissimumL.). J. Agron. Crop. Sci., 183(2), 213-216.
10
Hendrickson, I., Bell, M.G., Wood, J.T., Chow, W.S., Furbank, R.T., 2004. Low temperature effects on photosynthesis and growth of grape vine. Plant. Cell. Environ., 27, 795-809.
11
January, M., 2003. Genetic analysis of heritable traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuusL). PhD. Agr. Thesis, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, NWFP Agric. Univ., Peshawar-Pakistan, 215.
12
Jasso, de Rodriguez, D., Phillips, B.S., Rodriguez-Garcia, R., Angulo-Sanchez, J.L., 2002. Grain yield and fatty acid composition of sunflower seed for cultivars developed under dry land conditionsp. 139-142. In: J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.). Trends in New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, USA.
13
Javahery, M., Rokhzadi, A., 2011. Effects of biofertilizer application on phenology and growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cultivars.J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 1(11), 2336-2338.
14
Jose, F.C.B., Carralho, M.D., Basch, G., 2004. Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) to sowing date and plant density under.
15
Khan, A., 2001. Yield performance, heritability and interrelationship in some quantitative traits in sunflower Helia, 24, 35-40.
16
Michael, P., Bange, Graeme, L., Hammer, Kenneth, G., Rickert, 1998. Temperature and sowing date affect the linear increase of sunflower harvest index. Agron. J., 90, 324-328.
17
Mohammadi, k., Hedari, G., Javaheri, M., Rokzadi, A., Karimi Nezhad, M.T., Sohrabi, Y., Talbi, R., 2012. Fertilization affects the agronomic traits of high oleic sunflower hybrid in different tillage system.
18
Mohammadi, k., Hedari, H., Javaheri, M., Karimi Nezhad, M.T., 2012. Soil microbial response to tillage systems and fertilization in a sunflower rhizosphere. J. Agron. Soil. Sci., 1(11).
19
Muhammad, Z.M., Muhammad, A.M., Muhammad, F.S., 2007. Impactof integration and nitrogen application on growth yeild and quality of spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).Pak. J. Bot., 39(2), 441-449.
20
Nayyar, H., Kaur, G., Kumar, S., Upadhyaya, H.D., 2007. Low temperature effects during seed filling on chickpea genotypes: Probing mechanism affecting seed reserves and yield. J. Agron. Crop. Sci., 193, 334-336.
21
NODP, 2005. Annual report on oil seed crops. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Govt. Pak. Islamabad.
22
Ravishankar, K.V., Shankar, R.U., Ravishakar, H.M., Kumarand, M.U., Prasad, T.G., 1991. Development of drought tolerant sunflower for semiarid tracts of India: Duration of the genotypes influence their performance under imposed moisture stress. Helia, 14, 77-85.
23
Robinson, R.G., 1970. Sunflower date of sowing and chemical compo- sition at various growth stages. Agron. J., 62, 665-666.
24
Rotunno, Z.F.T., Tarantino, E., Di Caterina, R., De Caro, A., 2002. Changes in seed yield and oil fatty acid composition of high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in relation to the sowing date and the water regime. Eur. J. Agron., 17(2002), 221–230.
25
Shafiullah, M.A., Khan Baitullah, M.A., Rana, B.R., Khan, Ozair, C.A., 2001. Effect of dessicant application and time of harvest on yield and oil quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.). Helia, 24, 105-114.
26
Shuaib Kaleem, F-ul, Hassan, A., Razzaq, A., Manaf, Saleem, A., 2010. Growth rhythms in sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) in response to environmental disparity. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 9(15), 2242-2251.
27
Tre,´molie`res, A., Dubacq, J.P., Drapier, D., 1982. Unsaturated fatty acids in maturing seeds of sunflower and rape: Regulation by temperature and light intensity. Phytochem., 21, 1-45.
28
Vega, Hall, 2004. Analysis of growth and yield of maize, sunflower and soybean grown at Balcarce, Argentina. Field. Crop. Res., 41, 1-12.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the impact of body mass index on the outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A single referral center experience
The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the outcomes of isolated CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) performed in Shahid Madani Hospital of Khorramabad, Iran. Data was retrospectively collected from the medical records retrieved from the hospital records office. All patients who had undergone isolated CABG under cardiopulmonary bypass in the Cardiothoracic Unit from 2007 till 2013 were identified and their demographic and clinical data were collected. Clinical data included BMI, ejection fraction (EF), history of COPD, MI, CVA, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and the main outcomes included pulmonary complications, renal complications, transfusion, duration of ventilation, reoperation, intensive care unit stay, hospital stay and death. Patients were divided into six groups according to the BMI as follows: group 1: (BMI < 18.5), group 2: (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), group 3: (25 ≤ BMI < 30), group 4: (30 ≤ BMI < 35), group 5: (35 ≤ BMI < 40), group 6: (BMI ≥ 40). Finally, perioperative variables in the six mentioned groups were compared using appropriate statistical methods. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software. In this study, 648 patients met the inclusion criteria of the study. The average age of the patients in the study was reported to be 61.35 ± 10.72 years. The average BMI was reports as 26.3 ± 4.03. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time was compared between the various BMI groups, which showed that the highest average belonged to group V+ (groups V and VI) and the lowest average belonged to group I, but this difference was not statistically significant (PV > 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean duration of mechanical ventilation, mean extubation time, drainage rate from the chest tube, and the amount of blood transfusion (PV > 0.05). Moreover, in 99.4% of the patients, broad-spectrum antibiotics, in 99.5% of the patients, inotropic drugs, and in 5.4% of the patients, IABP were used. Re-intubation was done in 3.1% of the patients. The average duration of hospitalization was 5.45 ± 1.48. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of hospitalization time (PV>0.05). In this study, 3.55% of the patients died. Smirnov and Kolmogorov tests showed that the distribution of quantitative variables is not normal in all the patients (PV<0.001). Therefore, to study the relationship between these quantitative variables, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used, which showed that none of the relationships were statistically significant. Therefore, considering these results, it can be suggested that if there is enough time before surgery, changes in the lifestyle of the individual be recommended so that he/she can attain a better health status. So, proper training and education can be very effective.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_24477_a9fb1f5afaaca88177676891916e384f.pdf
2016-09-01
305
311
10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.10
Body Mass Index
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Postoperative complication
Hassan
Teimouri
1
Associated Professor, Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Zia
Obeidavi
2
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Pouria
3
Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Zohreh
Jafari
4
Researcher, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Safari
5
Researcher, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahriar
Rashidzadeh
6
Researcher, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Sedighe
Nadri
7
Associated Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azhar, A.H., Zulkarnain, H., Ziyadi, G., Rahman, M.N.G., 2011. A study of relationship between body mass index and short term outcome of isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J. Surg. Acad., 1(2), 41-48.
1
De Cocker, J., Messaoudi, N., Stockman, B.A., Bossaert, L.L., Rodrigus, I.E., 2011. Preoperative prediction of intensive care unit stay following cardiac surgery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., 39(1), 60-7.
2
Eagle, K.A., Guyton, R.A., Davidoff, R., Edwards, F.H., Ewy, G.A., Gardner, T.J., 2005. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. ACC/AHA Pocket guidline, 2.
3
Engelman, D.T., Adams, D.H., Byrne, J.G., Aranki, S.F., Collins, J.J. Jr, 1999. Impact of body mass index and albumin on morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 118(5), 866-73.
4
Jackson, R.S., Sidawy, A.N., Amdur, R.L., Macsata, R.A., 2012. Obesity is an independent risk factor for death and cardiac complications after carotid endarterectomy. J. Am. Coll. Surg., 214(2), 148-55.
5
Jin, R., Grunkemeier, G.L., Furnary, A.P., Handy, J.R., 2005. Is obesity a risk factor for mortality in coronary artery bypass surgery? Circulation. 111(25), 3359-65.
6
Johnson, A.P., Parlow, J.L., Whitehead, M., Xu, J., Rohland, S., Milne, B., 2015. Body mass index, outcomes, and mortality following cardiac surgery in Ontario, Canada. J. Am. Heart. Assoc., 4(10), e001977.
7
Llold-Jones, D., Adams, R.J., Brown, T.M., Carnethon, M., Dai, S., De Simone, G., 2010. A report from the American heart assosciation, heart disease and stroke statistics-2010 update. Circulation. 121, e46-e215.
8
Mahoori, A.R., Heshmati, F., Noorozinia, H., Mehdizadeh, H., Hassani, E., Shokofe, A., 2008. Evaluation of the complications leading to prolonged intensive care unit stay after open heart surgery. Urmia Med. J., 19(2), 139-44.
9
Rahmanian, P.B., Adams, D.H., Castillo, J.G., Chikwe, J., Bodian, C.A., Filsoufi, F., 2007. Impact of body mass index on early outcome and late survival in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery or both. Am. J. Cardiol., 100(11), 1702-8.
10
Reeves, B.C., Ascione, R., Chamberlain, M.H., Angelini, G.D., 2003. Effect of Body Mass Index on early outcomes in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass surgery. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 42(4), 668-76.
11
Rockx, M.A.J., Fox, S.A., Stitt, L.W., Lehnhardt, K.R., McKenzie, F.N., Quantz, M., 2004. Is obesity a predictor of mortality, morbidity and readmission after cardiac surgery? Can. J. Surg., 47(1), 34-8.
12
Salarifar, M., Kazemeini, S.M., Haji, Zeinali, A.M., 2008. Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease and related risk factors in first degree relatives of patients with premature CAD Tehran Heart Center. Tehran Univ. Med. J., 65(1), 49-54.
13
Sun, X., Hill, P.C., Bafi, A.S., Garcia, J.M., Haile, E., Corso, P.J., Boyce, S.W., 2009. Is cardiac surgery safe in extremely obese patients (Body Mass Index 50 or greater)? Ann. Thorac. Surg., 87(2), 540-6.
14
Tokmakoglu, H., 2010. Operative and early results of coronary artery bypass grafting in female patients in different body mass indexes. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., 5, 119-25.
15
Wee, C.C., Girotra, S., Weinstein, A.R., Mittleman, M.A., Mukamal, K.J., 2008. The relationship between obesity and atherosclerotic progression and prognosis among patients with coronary artery bypass grafts the effect of aggressive stain therapy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 52(8), 620-5.
16
Wigfield, C.H., Lindsey, J.D., Munoz, A., Chopra, P.S., Edwards, N.M., Love, R.B., 2006. Is extreme obesity a risk factor for cardiac surgery? An analysis of patients with a BMI ≥ 40. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., 29(4), 434-40.
17
Yap, C.H., Mohajeri, M., Yii, M., 2007. Obesity and early complications after cardiac surgery. Med. J. Aust., 186(7), 350-4.
18
Zittermann, A., Becker, T., Gummert, J.F., Börgermann, J., 2014. Body mass index, cardiac surgery and clinical outcome. A single-center experience with 9125 patients. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 24(2), 168-75.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of different sowing dates on Azivash (Corchorusolitorius) seed quality
This study was conducted at the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources farm, Iran, Golestan province with about 600 mm annual rainfall in order to evaluate the effect of different sowing dates on Azivash (Corchorusolitorius) seed quality, using a randomized complete block design with three replications on 2013. Treatments were four sowing dates such as May 5, Jun 5, Jul 11 and Agu 6. After seed maturity and harvesting, a seedling growth tests were done for each sowing date treatment in four replications. It used 25 number seeds in each replication. Seedling growth test was performed by BP (between paper) method for 7 days at 25C in incubator. The results showed that effect of sowing date treatment was significant on normal seedling percentage, abnormal seedling percentage, non-geminated seeds percentage and radicle and hypocotyl length. Mean comparison results showed that maximum normal seedling was recorded in Jun 5, Jul 11 and Agu 6 sowing dates. Minimum non-germinated seeds were recorded in Jul 11 sowing date. Also, seeds of Jul 11 sowing date treatment had the highest hypocotyl and radicle length. With regard to these founding and positive correlation between radicle length and normal seedling percentage and hypocotyl and radicle length with abnormal seedling percentage Jul 11 sowing date is the best sowing date for Azivash (Wild okra) cultivation in Gorganregional at Golestan province because of production of highest normal seedling production, lowest non-germinated seeds and longer hypocotyl and radicle length that result to highest seed quality and vigor.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_24478_ed3d7976fb97f017e51cfa2314fafb77.pdf
2016-09-01
312
318
10.26655/ijabbr.2016.9.11
germination
Seed quality
Sowing date
Wild okra
Mohammad Hossein
Ghorbani
1
Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akram
Pasandideh Tashakori
2
Former M.Sc Student of Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali, S.M.M., Haque, M.M., Siddique, A.B., Alom, A.T.M.M., Mostofa, M.G., 2004. Effect of sowing date on the viability and vigour of tossa jute (Corchorusolitorius L.) seed in late sown condition. SAARC J. Agr., 2, 23-38.
1
Amlak, T.A.G., 1983. Influence of environment on seed production of Avena sativa and Linumusitatissium. Ph.D thesis. University of Wales. Bangor. UK.
2
Antia, B.S., Akpan, E.J., Okon, P.A., Umoren, I.U., 2006. Nutritive and anti-nutritive evaluation of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves. Pak. J. Nutr., 5, 166-168.
3
Bekendam, J., Kraak, H.L., Vos, J., 1987. Studies on field emergence and vigor of onion, sugar beet, flax and maize seed. Acta. Horticult., 215, 83-95.
4
Blum, A., Punel, Y., 1990. Physiology attributes associated with drought resistance in a Mediterranian environment. Aust. J. Agr. Sci., 41, 799-810.
5
Duke, J., 1983. Handbook of energy crops. Published only on the internet, excellent information on a wide range of plants. 264.
6
Ghorbani, M.H., Soltani, A., Galeshi, S., Zeinali, I., 2002. Effect of mother induced salinity stress on germination and seedling growth and germination percentage and rate from produced sees under another saline stress on seeds. The 7th National Iranian Agronomy and Plant Breeding Congress. Karaj, Iran. 588.
7
Ghorbani, M.H., Zeinali, I., Rahkan, R., 2013. Evaluation of Wilk Okra (Corchorusolitorius) cultivation probability in Gorgan environmental condition. Research project report. Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. 20.
8
Grubben, G.J., Denton, O.A., 2004. Plant resources of tropical Africans vegetables. 670.
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Harper, J.L., Obeid, M., 1967. Influence of seed size and depth of sowing on the establishment and growth of varieties of fibre and oil seed flax. Crop. Sci., 7, 527-532.
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Hossain, M.A., Mannan, S.A., Sultana, K., Khandakar, A.L., 1994. Survey on the constraints of quality jute seed at farm level. Agril. Support Service Project (GOB/WORLDBANK/ODA). Dhaka, Bangladesh.
11
Hskins, F.A., Gorz, H.J., 1975. Influence of seed size, planting depth and companion crop on emergence and vigor of seedling in sweet clover. Agron. J., 67, 652-654.
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Mahbubul, I., Lzaz, M., Narais, A., Maksuder, R., 2002. Seed viability and vigour test in Jute (Corchorus ssp.). Pak. J. Agron., 44-46.
13
Makinde, S.C.O., Macarthy, A.P., 2006. Effects of intraspecific competition on some agronomic attributes of Celosia argental (L) in a field trial. Biol. Environ. Sci. J. Trop., 3(3), 115-121.
14
Oomen, H.A.P.C., Grubben, H.G.H., 1978. Tropical leaf vegetables in human nutrition. Communication 69, Department of Agricultural. Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Orphan Publishing Co., Willemstad, Curacao.
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Palada, M.C., Chang, L.C., 2003. Suggested Cultural Practices for Jute Mallow. International Cooperator Guide. 2(14), 1-4.
16
Palada, M.C., Crossman, S.M.A., 1998. Planting density affects growth and yield of bush okra. Proc. Carib. Food. Crop. Soc., 34, 52-57.
17
Porta, 2011. http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Corchorus%20olitorius _En.htm
18
Saeid, I.G., Rowland, G.G., 1999. Seed colour and linolenic acid effects on agronomic traits in flax. Can. J. Plant. Sci., 79, 521-526.
19
Safahani, A., Kamkar, B., Zand, E., Bagherani, N., Bagheri, M., 2008. Reaction of grain yield and its components of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in competition with wild mustard (Sinapisarvensis L.) in Gorgan. Iran. J. Crop. Sci., 9, 356-370.
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SAS Institute, 1989. SAS users guide: Statistics. Version 6.03.SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
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