ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Mental Health in Fertile and Infertile Womens at Kowsar Infertility Clinic
Reproduction and fertility are one of the principles marital life. Actually it can be said that the most important thing after survival is continued generation. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of mental health in womens of fertile and infertile. This research was performed at kowsar infertility clinic in tehran city. The scale GHQ28 was used for this evaluate. This scale was performed on 60 women in fertile and infertile of kowsar infertility clinic. The methods used of this study are descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results showed that between fertile and infertile womens in terms of mental health is a significant difference (P<0.05). In addition, the t test results showed that between fertile and infertile womens in scale of experiment is a significant difference (P<0.05)
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7857_51b1f24753888033a410f96c02ecf989.pdf
2013-09-01
932
939
mental health
Womens
Reproduction
Fertility
infertility
Razieh
Maddah
r_a_m_a1366@yahoo.com
1
Department of Psychology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aono, T., Kurachi, K., Mizutani, S., Hamanaka, Y., Uozomi, T., Nakasima, A., Koshiyama, K., and Matsumoto, K. (1972). Influence of major surgical stress on plasma levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in male patients. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 35: 535-542.
1
Barnea, E.R., and Tal, J. (1991). Stress-r elated reproductive failure. J. In Vitro Fertil. Embryo Transfer 8: 15-23.
2
Berger, S. L., Mortola, J. F., Girton, L., Suh, B., Laughlin, G., Pharu, P., and Yen, S. S. C. (1989).
3
Neuroendocrine aberrations in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrihea. J. Clin. Endocr inol. Metab. 68: 301-306.
4
Biller, B. M. K., Federoff, H. J., Koenig, J. I., and Klibanski, A. (1990). Abnormal cortisol secretion and responses to corticotr opin-releasing hormone in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70: 311-317.
5
Cameron, J. N., and Moshbisch, C. (1991). Suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and testosterone secretion during shortterm food restriction in the adult male rhesus monkey (Macaca mnulatta). Endocrinology 128: 1532-1539.
6
Cumming, D. C., and Rebar; R. W. (1983). Exercise and reproductive function in women. Am. J. lnd. Med. 4: 113-125.
7
Ezzati kaklar, A., Moradi kor, N. 2013. The effects of psychological stress and other environmental factors on incidence of diseases. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 1, 8: 899-903.
8
Fabbri, A., Ulisse, S., Bolotti, M., Ridolfi, M., Spera, G., Dudau, M. L., and Isidori, A. 1989. Opioid regulation of testicular function. In: (M. Serio, Ed.), Serono Symposia Publications No. 53, Raven Press, New York, pp. 203-213.
9
McGrady, A. V. (1984). Effects of psychological str ess on male repiroduction: a review. Arch. Androl. 131: 1-10.
10
Moghisi, K. S., and Wallach, E. E. (1983). Unexplained infertility. Fertil. Steril. 391: 5-16.
11
Palti, Z. (1969). Psychogenic male infertility. Psychosom. Med. 31: 326-330.
12
Piske, K. M., Schweiger, V., Lemnell, W., Kriieg, J. C., and Bergei, M. (1985). The influence of dieting on the menstrual cycle of young healthy women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 60: 1174-1179.
13
Quigley, M. E., Sheehan, K. L., Casper, R. F., and Yen, S. S. C. (1980). Exidence for an increased dopaminergic an(l opioid activity in patients with hypothalamic amenorrlihea. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 50: 949-954.
14
Sachar, E. J., Hellman, L., Roffway, H., Halpern, F., Fukushima, D., and Gallaghei, T. (1973). Disrupted 24-hour patter ns of cortisol secrietion in psychotic depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 28: 19-24.
15
Seifer, D. B., and Collins, R. L. (1990). Current concepts of 3-endorphin physiology in female reproductive dysfunction. Fer til. Steiil. 54: 757-771.
16
Selye, H. (1946). The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab, 6: 117-125.
17
Smith, S. R., Chetri, M. K., Johanson, A. J., Radffar, N., and Migeon, C. J. (1975). The pituitary gonadal axis in men with protein-calorie malnutrition. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 41: 61-69.
18
Steeno, 0. P., and Pangkahila, A. (1984). Occupational influences on male fertility and sexuality. Andrologia 16: 93-101.
19
Valenca, M. M., and Negro-Vilai- A. (1986). Proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides in testicular interstitial fluid: characterization and changes in secretion after human chorionic gonadotropin or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog treatment. Endocrinology 118: 32-37.
20
Vigersky, R. A., Anderson, A. E., Thompson, R. H., and Lor iaux, D. L. (1977). Hypothalamic dysfunction in secondary amenorri hea associated wNith simple weight loss. N. Engl. J. Med. 298: 467- 470.
21
Wright, J., Allard, M., Lecours, A., and Sabourin, S. (1989). Psychological distress and inferitility: a review of controlled resear ch. Int. J. Fertil. 34: 2-15.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Protein of Spotted Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), Cultivar Talash
In order to investigate drought stress and plant density the yield, yield components and protein of spotted bean grain (cultivar Talash), an experiment was carried out as split plots in randomized complete blocks with three replications in Yasouj, in 2012. Factors of the test including irrigation in three levels; without stress (control treatment), water stress in vegetative stage (interrupting the irrigation at the opening stage of the third to fourth true leaf), and water stress at reproductive stage (interrupting the irrigation at the stage of 50% flowering) as the main factors and four density level including 15, 25, 35 and 45 plants per m2 were considered as sub-factors. The results showed that, the effect of water stress, plant density and interaction of water stress and plant density on grain yield, grains number in the pod, pods number in the plant and the weight of 100 grains was significant. The maximum yield was observed in the control plot and density of 45 plants per m2, also the minimum yield was observed in the reproductive stress treatment and density of 25 plants per m2 by 2398 and 1629 kg/ha respectively. Water stress treatment caused yield reduction at the stage of vegetative and reproductive growth by 10.4% and 32% respectively. The maximum amount of protein was obtained in the water stress treatment at the stage of reproductive growth. Considering the results of this experiment, the densities of 45 plants per m2 for normal irrigation conditions as well as 35 plants per m2 under water stress conditions are suggested
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7858_ac87727399caa9295e55a8750238f9e2.pdf
2013-09-01
940
949
Spotted bean
Plant density
Water stress
Protein
Grain yield
Leila
Gharib Ardakani
leilagharib58@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. Student of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Yasouj University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hooshang
Farajee
2
Assistant Professor of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Yasouj University
AUTHOR
Abdolsamad
Kelidari
3
Assistant Professor of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, Yasouj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasouj, Iran
AUTHOR
Askari Nejad. H, (2013). The effects of seed priming techniques in improving germination and early seedling growth of Aeluropus Macrostachys. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(2):86-95.
1
Azami. M., Monavvari Fard. F., Jeyhoni.S., Eydi. S., Reyhani. H., Ghadimi. S.A. (2013). The Analysis of Effective Factors on Non-Accepting of Organic Agriculture Products From the Viewpoint of Agricultural Experts (Case Study: Alborz province). International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 2013; 1(3):260-272
2
Azimi. S.M., Farnia. A., Shabanand. M., Lak. M. (2013). Effect of different biofertilizers on Seed yield of barley (Hurdeom vulgar L.), Bahman cultivar. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(5):538-546.
3
Bagheri, A., Mahmoodi, A. A. and Dinghezli, F. (2001). Agronomy and beans modification. Jahad-eDaneshgahi of Mashhad Press., 556 p.
4
Bayat, A., Ahmadvand, G. and Dorri, H. (2010). The effect of water stress on the yield and yield components of spotted beans genotypes. Journal of agronomical sciences of Iran, 45: 42-45.
5
Bourd, J. 2001. Reduce logding for soybean low plant population is related to light quality. Crop Sci. 41: 379-384.
6
Dashti Marvili. M. (2013). Studying the Effect of Tillage Row Spacing and Bush Spacing on the Performance and Components of Phaseou vulgaris var. (Line cos16) in Brujerd. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(5):514-523.
7
Emam. Y., Shekoofa, A., Salehi, F., & Jalali, A.H. 2010. Water Stress Effects on Two Common Bean Cultivars with Contrasting Growth Habits. American-Eurasian J Agric & Environ Sci. 9(5): 495-499.
8
Ezzati kaklar. A., Moradi kor. N. (2013). The effects of psychological stress and other environmental factors on incidence of diseases. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(8):899-903
9
Jalilian, J., S.A.M. Modarres Sanavy, and S.H. Sabaghpour. 2005. Effect of plant density and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and protein content of four chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars under dry land condition. J Agric Sci Natur Resour. 12(5): 1-9.
10
Koochaki, A. and Sarmadnia, Gh. (2007). Physiology of agronomical plants. Eleventh edition, Mashhad. Jahad-e-Daneshgahi of Mashhad Press, 467 p.
11
Masoodikia, M. and Azizi, Kh. (2008). Investigation of the effect of planting date and plant density on the yield, yield components and the amount of protein of red beans varieties (Phaseolus valgaris L.). Scholar Journal of Agronomical Sciences, 1(2): 21-34.
12
Mohamadi. N., Rajaei. P. (2013). Effect of Triamidefon fungicide on some growth parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity in tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.) plant under drought stress. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(4):341-350.
13
Mohammadzadeh, A., Majnoonhoseini, N., Moghaddam, H. and Akbari, M. (2011). The effect of various water stress and nitrogen levels on the yield and yield components in red beans genotype. Journal of Agricultural sciences of Iran. 43(1): 29-38.
14
Nielson. D. C., and N. O٫ Nelson. 1998. Black bean sensitivity to water stress at varius growth stages. Crop Sci. 38: 422-427.
15
Sadeghipoor, A., Ghaffari Khaligh, H. and Monem, R. (2007). The effect of plant density on the yield and yield components of the limited growth varieties of red beans. Journal of Agricultural sciences of Iran. 43(3): 513-532.
16
Saeidian. S., rashidzadeh. E. (2013). Effect of Sodium dodecyl sulphate on partial purified polyphenol oxidase activity in Red and Green tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum). International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 2013; 1(7):691-700.
17
Saghafi. K., Ahmadi. J., Asgharzadeh. A., bakhtiari. S. (2013). The effect of microbial inoculants on physiological responses of two wheat cultivars under salt stress. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(4):421-431.
18
Santos, M.G., R.V. Rebio., R.F. liverier., E. C. Machado., and C. Pimentel. 2006. The role of in organic Phosphate on Photo synthesis recovery of common bean after a mild water deficit. Plant Sci: 170:659- 664.
19
Shekari, F. (2001). Investigation of the traits associated with tolerance to drought in the beans. Report of the research plan of Physiology and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Zanjan University.
20
Shenkut, A. A., and Brick, M. A. 2003. Traits associated with dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity under diverse soil moisture environments. Euphytica 133 (3): 339-347.
21
Souza, G.M., J.M. Cardoso., and A.N. Goncalves. 2004. Proline content and protein patterns in Eucalyptus grandis shoot submitted too high and low temperature shoks .Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 47(3):355-362.
22
Vaezirad, S., Shekari, F., Shiranirad, A. M. and Zangani, A. (2008). The effect of water stresses in various growth stages on the yield and yield components in red beans varieties. Journal of new knowledge of agriculture. 4(10): 85-94.
23
Wakrim, R., S. Wahabi., H. Tahi., B. Aganchich., and R. Serraj. 2005. Comparative effect of partial root drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on water relation and water use efficiency in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 106: 275-287.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Survey on Heavy Metal Concentration in Downstream Wells of Landfill (Case of Mashhad, Iran)
This study at first level focused on definitions and descriptions of some landfills and landfills sites all around the world and survey on how important they are for regional governments and responsible in duty as a very important responsibility for locals and their health. At the second level we had a look on heavy metals concentration which are by many definitions as follows: lead, nickel, chromium, copper and cadmium, of course it should be mentioned that this study has been done only by archive and library studies. At the third level we go to compare the heavy metal concentration in mashhad landfill site with others mentioned in this paper as examples, of course we have had lots of limitation in this study, this is only start point. The results showed that indeed there are not many differences between mashhad and others as a whole
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7880_275d79ee36c46b75587fdc1cf727f8a3.pdf
2013-09-01
950
956
Landfill
Heavy metal
Concentration
Wells
Mohammad Rahim
Rahnama
1
Associate professor of Urban Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM)
AUTHOR
Alireza
Bidkhori
alirezabidkhori@yahoo.com
2
PhD Candidate of Urban Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM), International CampusFaculty Member of Kherad Garayan Motahar Higher Education Institute, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amir Ali
Kharazmi
3
PhD Candidate of Urban Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), International Campus
AUTHOR
1. ^ "Midden". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
1
2. ^ "Alternative Daily Cover (ADC)". Retrieved September 14, 2012.
2
3. ^ "Five years on, east Pasco landfill proposal still in dispute". Tampa Tribune. July 8, 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
3
4. ^ Gomez, A.M.; =Yannarell, A.C.; Sims, G.K.; Cadavid-Resterpoa, G.; Herrera, C.X.M. (2011). "Characterization of
4
bacterial diversity at different depths in the Moravia Hill Landfill site at Medellín, Colombia". Soil Biology and
5
Biochemistry 43 (6): 1275–1284. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.018.
6
5. ^ Landfill Inventory Management Ontario - How Ontario regulates Landfills - Ministry of the Environment
7
6. ^ Aging Landfills: Ontario’s Forgotten Polluters - Eco Issues
8
7. ^ Nuisance Grounds & Other Garbage Words at Bill Casselman's Canadian Word of the Day & Words of the World at
9
www.billcasselman.com
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8. ^ Nuisance Grounds | RM of Montcalm
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9. ^ "Drowning in a Sea of Garbage". The New York Times. April 22, 2010.
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10. ^ "What is waste to energy?". Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants. 2010.
13
11. ^ "Indian waste workers fear loss of income from trash-to-electricity projects". The Washington Post. November 20,
14
12. ^ Gwyneth Dickey Zaikab (March 2011). "Marine microbes digest plastic".
15
13. ^ Multiple Purpose industries using landfills for energy
16
14. ^ Commercial exploitation of gas from landfills
17
15. ^ AEB Waste Fired Power Plant
18
16. ^ Waste fired power plant by AEB recovers materials
19
17. ^ Kijk magazine, April 2008
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Pinus Eldarica Hazardous Criterias in the Babol City (Mazandaran Province, Northern State of Iran)
Any defects in street trees may cause injuries to human, vehicles and buildings. This research was investigated in the Babol city, Mazandaran province, in the northern state of Iran.Used the perfect inventory methods and measured the diameter at breathe height (DBH), height and hazardous criteria (dead woods, cracks or seams, decay, wound or cankers, root problems, weak branch unions and skew from vertical line). In each hazardous criterion classes compered the Slenderness (h/d); height (m) and diameter at breathe height (cm). The means of different between Slenderness (h/d), height (m) and diameter at breathe height (cm) in the hazardous criteria classes were estimated by ANOVA test. Data analyzing was done by SPSS16 software. Results showed that the mean of DBH and h/d in the hazardous class (class one) was higher the other classes in the seven hazard criteria, but mean height of tree in the class 3 (non-hazard classes) was higher quantity. Results showed that the different between three classes of hazard in the seven hazard criteria was significant. Overall results showed that the hazardous class (class one) has a higher h/d quantity and more hazardous potential
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7859_5ed1870cf539af4c7153df77dc7dcc94.pdf
2013-09-01
957
962
Slenderness (h/d)
Height
DBH
Babol City
Hazardous criteria
Northern state of iran
Maziar
Haidari
maziarheidari1364@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. student of forestry, Department of forestry, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Jalilvand
hj_458_hj@yahoo.com
2
Associate professor of forestry, Department of forestry, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, sari, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamed
Aghajani
3
Ph.D. student of forestry, Department of forestry, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehran
Nasiri
4
Ph.D. student of forestry, Department of forestry, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Duryea, M.L., Kampf, E., Littell, R.C., (2007). Hurricanes and the urban forest: I. Effects on Southeastern United States coastal plain tree species. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 33: 83–97.
1
Everham. III., Brokaw. E.M., (1996). Forest damage and recovery from catastrophic wind. Botanical Review 62: 113–185.
2
Pourhashemi. M., E. Khosropour., Heidari . M., (2012). The assessment of hazardous oriental plane (Platanus orientalis Linn.) trees in Valiasr Street of Tehran, Iranian Journal of Forest, 4(3): 265-275.
3
Putz, F.E., Sharitz. R.R., (1991). Hurricane damage to old growth forest in Congaree Swamp National Monument. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21: 1765–1770.
4
Valinger, E., Lundqvist, L., Bondesson, L., (1993). Assessing the risk of snow and wind damage from tree physical characteristics. Forestry 66: 249–260.
5
Kane. B., (2008). Tree failure following a windstorm in Brewster, Massachusetts, USA, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 7: 15–23
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation of Clostridium Difficile from Turkey and Ostrich Meat Sold in Meat Stores if Isfahan City
Clostridium difficileisa binding warm-positive rod and anaerobic organism, which was first described in 1935 as Bacillus difficile. Epidemiology of CDI has changed considerably on 2000. Occurrence and severity of the disease including ulcerative colitis(inflammation of the colon), colectomy(colon section) and mortality had increased. Recent studies have reported Clostridium difficile prevalence in animal foods ,act as a source of infection for humans, its source can regarded as a contaminate food, infecting dose and the relationship between food contamination and disease. Clostridium difficile causes critical disease in humans. So, this study by the aim of evaluation of possible contamination of turkey and ostrich meat to the pathogen was designed and implemented. To conduct this study, a total of 240 samples of raw ostrich meat (n=120) and Turkey (n=120) purchased randomly of meat stores of Isfahan- Iran and then transferred to the Laboratory of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University, evaluated regarding existence of Clostridium difficile by enrichment method and then culture on CDMN medium under anaerobic conditions and biochemical tests and observations of warm staining. In this study, a total of 240 samples, 25 samples(10/41%) were carrier of C.difficile. of 11 of 120 ostrich meat samples(9/16%) and 14 samples out of 120 samples of turkey meat (11/66%) Clostridium difficile was isolated. Clostridium difficile in turkey and ostrich meat sold in stores in Isfahan - Iran is isolated and thus a potential risk to humans especially through meat consumption are microorganisms
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7860_f89753c9a1a58f768a16f66c1ad9792e.pdf
2013-09-01
963
967
Clostridium difficile
Ostrich-Turkey
Isfahan
Asghar
Hasanzade
1
Graduated from veterinary faculty of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Rahimi
2
Food hygiene department, veterinary faculty of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Arroyo LG, Weese JS, Staempfli HR. 2004. Experimental Clostridiu m difficile enter colitis in foals. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 18, 734 –738.
1
Bakri MM, Brown DJ, Butcher JP, Sutherland AD. 2009. Clostridium difficile in ready-to-eat salads, Scotland. Emerging Infectious Diseases 15(5), 817–8.
2
Barbut F, Richard A, Hamadi K, Chomette V. 1997. Burghoffer B, Petit JC, Epidemiology of recurrences or re-infections of Clostridium difficile –associated diarrhoea. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, 2386 –2388.
3
Bayati Zadeh. J, Moradi kor. Z. (2013). Ruminal protein degradation and estimation of rumen microbial protein production. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(8):914-921.
4
Braun V, Hundsberger T, Leukel P, Sauerborn M, von Eichel-Streiber C. 1996. Definition of the single integration site of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile. Gene 181(1–2), 29–38.
5
Ebrahimpour. M., Kiyani. V., Mohammadhasan. H. (2013). Investigation acute toxicity some of heavy metals at different water hardness. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(2):134-142.
6
Goncalves C, Decre D, Barbut F, Burghoffer B, Petit JC. 2004. Prevalence and characterization of a binary toxin (actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase) from Clostridium difficile. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42, 1933–1939.
7
Hall I, O’Toole E. 1935. Intestinal flora in newborn infants with a description of a new pathogenic anaerobe, Bacillus difficilis. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 49, 390–402.
8
Harvey RB, Norman KN, Andrews K, Hume M.E, Scanlan C.M, Callaway T.R, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. 2011. Clostridium difficile in Poultry and Poultry Meat. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 8(12), 1321-3.
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Indra A, Lassnig H, Baliko N,Much P, Fiedler A, Huhulescu S. 2009. Clostridium difficile: a new zoonotic agent. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 121(3–4), 91–5.
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Jump RL, Pultz MJ, Donskey CJ. 2007. Vegetative Clostridium difficile survives in roomair on moist surfaces and in gastric contents with reduced acidity: a potential mechanism to explain the association between protons pump inhibitors and C.difficile-associated diarrhea. Antimicrob Agents Chemother
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51(8), 2883-7.
12
Loo VG, Poirier L, Miller MA, Oughton M, Libman MD, Michaud S. 2005. A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. The New England Journal of Medicine 353(23), 2442–9.
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Marks SL, Kather EJ, Kass PH, Melli AC. 2002. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in diarrheic and healthy dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 16, 533– 540.
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Martin H, Willey B, Low DE, Staempfli HR, McGeer A, Boerlin P. 2008. Characterization of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from patients in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2006. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 46, 2999–3004.
15
McDonald LC, Owings M, Jernigan D.B. 2006. Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals, 1996-2003. Emerging Infectious Diseases 12(3), 409–15.
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McEllistrem MC., Carman RJ, Gerding DN, Genheimer CW, Zheng L. 2005. A hospital outbreak of Clostridium difficile disease associated with isolates carrying binary toxin genes. Clinical Infect Disease 40(2), 265–72.
17
Muto C.A, Pokrywka M, Shutt K, Mendelsohn AB, Nouri K, Posey K, Roberts T, Croyle K, Krystofiak S, Patel-Brown S, Pasculle A.W, Paterson DL, Saul M, Harrison LH. 2005. A large outbreak of Clostridium difficile associated disease with an unexpected proportion of deaths and colectomies at a teaching hospital following increased fluoroquinolone use. Infect Control Hosp
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Epidemiol 26(3), 273–80.
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Paltansing S, van den Berg RJ, Guseinova RA, Visser CE, van der Vorm ER, Kuijper EJ. 2007. Characteristics and incidence of Clostridium difficile- associated disease in The Netherlands, 2005. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 13, 1058–1064.
20
Pituch H, Rupnik M, Obuch-Woszczatynski P,Grubesic A, Meisel-Mikolajczyk F, Luczak M. 2005. Detection of binary-toxin genes (cdtA and cdtB) among Clostridium difficile strains isolated from patients with C. difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) in Poland. Journal of Medical Microbiology 54,143–147.
21
Rodriguez-Palacios A, Reid-Smith RJ, Staempfli HR,Daignault D, Janecko N, Avery BP. 2009. Possible seasonality of Clostridium difficile in retail meat, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases 15(5), 802–5.
22
Rodriguez-Palacios A, Staempfli HR, Duffield T, Weese JS. 2007. Clostridium difficile in retail ground meat, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13(3), 485–7.
23
Rupnik M, Dupuy B, Fair weather NF, Gerding DN, Johnson S. 2005. Revised nomenclature of Clostridium difficile toxins and associated genes. Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, 113–117.
24
Sharifinia. M., Ramezanpour. Z., Imanpour. J., Mahmoudifard. A., Rahmani. T. (2013). Water quality assessment of the Zarivar Lake using physico-chemical parameters and NSF- WQI indicator, Kurdistan Province-Iran. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) .
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1(3):302-312.
26
Simango Mwakurudza. 2008. Clostridium difficile in broiler chickens sold at market places in Zimbabwe and their antimicrobial susceptibility. International Journal of Food Microbiology 124, 268 –270.
27
Soehn F, Wagenknecht-Wiesner A, Leukel P, Kohl M, Weidmann M, von Eichel-Streiber C, Braun V. 1998. Genetic rearrangements in the pathogenicity locus of Clostridium difficile strain 8864– implications for transcription, expression and enzymatic activity of toxins A and B. Mol Gen Genet 258(3), 222–32.
28
Songer JG, Trinh HT, Killgore G.E, Thompson AD, McDonald LC, Limbago BM. 2009. Clostridium difficile in retail meat products, USA, 2007. Emerging Infectious Diseases 15(5), 819–21.
29
Songer JG, Post KW, Larson DJ, Jost BH, Glock RD. 2000. Infection of neonatal swine with Clostridium difficile. Swine Health and Production 8, 185–189.
30
Weese JS, Avery B, Rouss eau J, Reid-Smith R. 2009. 19th European Con-gress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; 2037 p.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Desertification Intensity with Using of ״Iranian Model for Desertification Potential Assessment״ in the Marghzar of Shahrekord,S
Desertification could be traced back to one or many factors. Thus, to cope with such a phenomenon, there exists a need for a profound understanding of the processes and the causes. The study area of the current paper is the extent of Shahrekord’s Marghzar as an important case amongst the important ones of the province. In order to evaluate the roots of desertification in the area, the Iranian model of desertification potential assessment (IMDPA) was used. Three criteria included are water resources status, soil and vegetation. These criteria were scored against the defined set of scores provided in the tables. According to the fact that in the model, each criterion is summed up by applying geometric average of the indices, the final map of the corresponding criterion was prepared by superimposing all the maps of the indices. Next, the criteria were combined by applying geometric average and the final map was created. Based on the criteria, the severity of desertification in the region according to the IMDPA model is 1.61 which falls into the medium class. Results indicate that the vegetation utilization and water table drawdown indices, as the two most influential indices, are averaged around 4 and 3.23, respectively. The vegetation index acts as the most critical case defining the lion share of the desertification severity of the area. Of the total area, 3.1% is classified as low and 96.9% as medium severity classes. From the major causes of desertification in the region, one could point out to over utilization of the rangelands and intense livestock grazing which have imposed a downgrading force over the vegetation cover. Of the rest, over withdrawal from the underground reservoirs and the multiplicity of wells could be mentioned. These latter causes have the Marghzar dried and water tables drawn
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7861_624b975de71a68d06f7478428ff5d40e.pdf
2013-09-01
968
980
Desertification
IMDPA
Marghzar
Shahrekord’s plain
Zahra
bayat
zahra_bayat1989@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. Student of desertification, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Hassan
kaboli
2
Assistance Professor of desertification, Faculty of Natural Resources, Semnan University, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
rahimi
3
Assistance Professor of desertification, Faculty of Natural Resources, Semnan University, Iran
AUTHOR
Shima
nikoo
4
Ph.D of desertification, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammadkia
kianian
5
Instructor of desertification, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Neda
soleiman dehkordi
6
M.Sc. Student of desertification, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbasi, M. (1996). Desertification and combat desertification in China (Translation), Research center of Khorasan province Natural Resources and livestock object, Chapavel, pp: 5, 6 and 15.
1
Afzal. S.M. (2013). Changes of temperature regimes in Khuzestan. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(5):482-486.
2
Ahmadi, H. (2006). Calibration project for criteria and indices of desertification evaluation in Iran, Assistance of soil and rangelands issue, department of forestry, Rang and watershed management, Agricultural ministry (Isfahan Segzi Plain).
3
An, P., Inanaga, S., Zhu, N., Li, X. J., Fadul, H. M., Mars, M. (2007). Plant species as indicators of the extent of desertification in four sandy rangelands. African J. of Ecology. 45 (1): 94-102.
4
Dashti Marvili. M., Dabiri. D. (2013). Study of drought in northern Karun watershed. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(5):487-492.
5
Ekhtesasi, MR., Sepehr, A. (2011). Methods and models for evaluation and provide of desertification map, Yazd University press, first edition, 312p.
6
Final Report of Marghzar management and reclamation project, 2011. Natural resources and watershed management bureau of Chaharmahal&Bakhtiari, project consulters of water resource researches center, Shahrekord University, (In Persian).
7
Khosravi. K., Mirzai. H., Saleh. I. (2013). Assessment of Empirical Methods of Runoff Estimation by Statistical test (Case study: BanadakSadat Watershed, Yazd Province).
8
International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(3):285-301.
9
Lavado Conntador, J.F., S, Schnabel, Mezo Gutierrez, A.G., Pulido, F. M. (2008) Mapping Sensitivity to land degradation Extremadura. SW Spain. Vol 1, Issue 1, pp 25-41.
10
Mazloom. H., Foladmand. H. (2013). Evaluation and determination of the coefficients of infiltration models in Marvdasht region, Fars province. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(8):822-829.
11
Nikoo, S. (2011). The assessment of desertification potential based on IMDPA method to identification effective factors on land degradation (Case study: Damghan Region), combating desertification Ph.D. thesis, Natural resources Faculty, University of Tehran (In Persian).
12
Rohina. A., Baharani fard. A., Kazemi. N., Abadi. K., Mohammadi.A. (2013). Evaluating empirical methods of flood flow rate estimation in Bakhtegan watershed-Iran. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(4):450-458.
13
Safari Shad. M., Dashti Marviliand. M., Allahbakhshian Farsani. P. (2013). Zoning droughts by standardized precipitation index in Esfahan province (IRAN). International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(5):477-481.
14
Sakcali, M. S. (2008). Eco physiology of Capparis spinosa L. a plant suitable for combating Desertification. Pak. J. of Botany. 40 (4): 1481- 1486.
15
Semsarian. S., Eskandari Nasab. M.P., Zarehdaran. S., Dehghani. A.M. (2013). Prediction of the weight and number of eggs in Mazandaran native fowl using artificial neural network.
16
International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(5):532- 537.
17
Tavares, J. (2012). Assessment and mapping of desertification sensitivity in an insular sahelian mountain region case study of the Ribeira SecaWatershed, Cape Verde. Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 14.
18
Zehtabian, GR., Ahmadi, H., Azadnia, F. (2008). Investigation of soils and water indices and factors on desertification of Ain-e- Khosh’s Dehloran, Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 81: 162-169.
19
Zhu, Z., Yang, C., Cao, M., Liu. K., Yang, L. (2007). Analysis on the soil factor and physiological response of the plants in the process of sandy desertification on grassland. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 27(1): 48−57.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ComparabilityAnalyses of the SPI and RDI Meteorological Drought Indices in South Khorasan Province in Iran
Comparability analyses are performed to investigate similarities/differences of the standard precipitation index (SPI) and the reconnaissance drought index (RDI), respectively, utilizing precipitation and ratio of precipitation over potential evapotranspiration (ET0). Data are from six synoptic stations in south Khorasan province in Iran.At the first for calculating SPI, the elevation-precipitation regression of each period was obtained then this relationship was applied on DEM layer using GIS software. The result showed that the most severity droughts occurred in 2008, 2000, 2006 and 2001 respectively. In order to obtain RDI index, we used yearly temperature, precipitation data from the stations and potential evapotranspiration were obtained by Torrentwhite method. The resultshowed that 4 stations classified in extremely and severely classes and there was no medium and small class in 2008. The results of RDI indicate that the frequency of droughts with high severity in this area. The calculation of the standardized RDI seems to be as complicated as the computation of the SPI
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7862_4415925a83d14ca9766e6d5e75d2ed4f.pdf
2013-09-01
981
992
SPI
RDI
ArcGIS9.3
Drought
South Khorasan
Gholamreza
Zehtabian
1
Professors, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran,Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Kamran
Karimi
2
M.Sc. Student of Deserts Region Management, Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Sara
Nakhaee nezhad fard
s_nakhaee@ut.ac.ir
3
M.Sc. Student of Deserts Region Management, Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahsa
Mirdashtvan
4
M.Sc. Student of Watershed Management engineering, Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Khosravi
5
AssistanceProfessors, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran ,Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Afzal. S.M. (2013). Changes of temperature regimes in Khuzestan. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(5):482-486.
1
Barouti, H., Avali, R., Emam Gholizade, S.(2009). analyzing and monitoring drought indices using SPI
2
Dashti Marvili. M., Dabiri. D. (2013). Study of drought in northern Karun watershed. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(5):487-492.
3
Khosravi. K., Mirzai. H., Saleh. I. (2013). Assessment of Empirical Methods of Runoff Estimation by Statistical test (Case study: BanadakSadat Watershed, Yazd Province). International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(3):285-301.
4
Edwards, DC.,McKee, TB. (1997). Characteristics of 20th century drought in the United States at multiple time scales. Atmospheric Science.
5
Guttman, NB. (1998). Comparing the palmer drought index and the standardized precipitation index. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34: 113–121.
6
Heim, R.R. (2002). A review of twentieth-century drought indices used in the United States. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1149– 1165.
7
Henriques, A.G., Santos, M. J, (1998). Regional drought distribution Model. Phys, Chem, Earth, 24.
8
Khalili, D., Farnoud, T., Jamshidi,H., Kamgar-Haghighi, A., Zand-Parsa, S. (2011). Comparability Analyses of the SPI and RDI Meteorological Drought Indices in Different Climatic Zones. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Water Resour Manage (2011) 25:1737–1757.
9
McKee, TB., Doesken, NJ., Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In Proceeding of the 8thConference on Applied Climatology, American meteorological society: Boston, 179–184.
10
McKee, TB., Doesken, NJ., Kleist, J. (1995). Drought monitoring with Multiple Time scales. In Proceeding of the Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology, Dallas, TX, American Meteorological Society: 233–236.
11
Morid, S., Smakhtin, V., Moghadasi, M. (2006). COMPARISON OF SEVEN METEOROLOGICAL INDICES FOR DROUGHT MONITORING IN IRAN. Int. J. Climatol. 26: 971–98.
12
Rohina. A., Baharani fard. A., Kazemi. N., Abadi. K., Mohammadi.A. (2013). Evaluating empirical methods of flood flow rate estimation in Bakhtegan watershed-Iran. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(4):450-458.
13
Safari Shad. M., Dashti Marviliand. M., Allahbakhshian Farsani. P. (2013). Zoning droughts by standardized precipitation index in Esfahan province (IRAN). International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(5):477-481.
14
Semsarian. S., Eskandari Nasab. M.P., Zarehdaran. S., Dehghani. A.M. (2013). Prediction of the weight and number of eggs in Mazandaran native fowl using artificial neural network. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(5):532-537.
15
Tsakiris, G. (2004) Meteorological Drought Assessment. Paper prepared for the needs of the European Research Program MEDROPLAN (Mediterranean Drought Preparedness and Mitigation Planning), Zaragoza, Spain.
16
Tsakiris, G., Pangalou, D., Vangelis, H. (2006). Regional Drought Assessment Based on the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
17
Tsakiris, G., Pangalou, D., Vangelis, H. (2007). Regional drought assessment based on the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI).Water Resource Manage, 21:821–833.
18
Tsakiris, G., Rossi, G., Iglesias, A., Tsiourtis, N., Garrote, L., Cancelliere, A, (2006). Drought Indicators Report. Report made for the needs of the European Research Program MEDROPLAN (Mediterranean
19
Drought Preparedness and Mitigation Planning) Tsakiris, G., Vangelis, H. (2005) Establishing a drought index incorporating evapotranspiration. Eur
20
Water 9–10:1–9.
21
V.U. Smakhtin., Hugehes, D.A. (2004). Review, automated estimation and analyses of drought indices in south Asia. Working paper 83. Colombo, Seri Lanka: International Water Management Institute.
22
Wilhite, D.A. (1992). Preparing for Drought: A Guidebook for Developing Countries, Climate Unit, United Nations Environment Program, Nairobi, Kenya.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Absorbed Fraction of Gamma and Beta Rays of I-124 and I-131radio-Isotopes in Thyroid Gland with Monte Carlo Simulation
I131 is a famous radio-iodine isotope in use for diagnosis and treatment of hyper functioning and cancerous thyroid gland. It is a nuclear reactor product; however nuclear reactor may be unavailable in some areas. Replacement by I-124 may be possible, another iodine isotope producible by cyclotron; a system more available than reactor. Here absorbed fraction of Gamma and Beta rays of I-124 throughout thyroid and neck soft tissues are measured and compared with I-131. Employing I-124 as substitute for I-131 is also discussed. First of all, the input file for MCNPX code has been prepared to calculate F6 and F8 tallies. Then the code has been run for F6 and F8 tallies for variation of lobe volume from 1 to 25 milliliters. From the output file of tally F6, the gamma absorbed fraction in thyroid and neck tissue for the volume lobe variation from 1 ml to 25 ml have been derived. As well as, form the output of F8 tally the absorbed energy of beta in thyroid and soft tissue of neck is obtained and then absorbed fraction of beta has been calculated. Finding indicated that for constant activity in thyroid and soft tissue the gamma absorbed fraction for I-124 is less than I-131. For the same situation, the beta absorbed fraction of I-124 in thyroid is less than I-131 and in soft tissue is more than I-131. If I-131 is non-available it may be replaced by I-124for treatment of cancerous or hyper functional gland
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7863_0502d10cbf4fe59554942573f158c86b.pdf
2013-09-01
993
998
Monte Carlo method
Thyroids cancer
Absorbed fraction
Hyper- functioning thyroid gland
Radio-iodine isotope
Mohammad
Mirzaei
m.mirzaei@tvu.ac.ir
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Shahid Chamran of Kerman, Technical and Vocational University, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Mirshekarpour
2
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kerman Medical science University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Allah Abadia A, Daykin J, Sheppard MC, Gough CSCL, Franklyn JA.2001. Radiological treatment of hyperthyroidism-progonostic factors for outcome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 86(3): 3611-3617.
1
Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, Kloos RT.2006. Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. THYROID, 16(2): 109-141.
2
Cember H, Johnson TE.2009. Introduction to health physics, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
3
Firestone RB, Ekström LP.1999. LBNL Isotopes Project - LUNDS Universitet WWW Table of Radioactive Isotopes. Version 2.1,. The website: http://ie.lbl.gov/toi/nuclide.asp?iZA=530131.
4
Snyder W, Ford M, Warner G.1969. Estimates of absorbed fractions for monoenergetic photon source uniformly distributed in various organs of a heterogeneous phantom: MIRD pamphlet no. 5. J Nucl Med 10 (suppl 3):5–52.
5
Traino AC, di Martino F, Lazzeri M,. Stabin MG.2000. Influence of thyroid volume reduction on calculated dose in radioiodine therapy of Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Phys Med Biol 45: 121–129.
6
Vini L, Harmer C.2000. Radioiodine treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Oncl (Rcoll Radiol), 12(6): 365-72.
7
Waters L S.2002. “MCNPX User’s Manual, version 2.3.0”, LA-UR-02-2607, Los Alamos, NM, USA
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation Accuracy of Nearest Neighbor Sampling Method in Zagross Forests
Collection of appropriate qualitative and quantitative data is necessary for proper management and planning. Used the suitable inventory methods is necessary and accuracy of sampling methods dependent the inventory net and number of sample point. Nearest neighbor sampling method is a one of distance methods and calculated by three equations (Byth and Riple, 1980; Cotam and Curtis, 1956 and Cotam and Curtis, 1956). The 53 hectare of the study area was selected and perfect inventory. To study of nearest neighbor sampling method used the systematic-random methods in the 100*150 meter net and recorded the location (X, Y) of all trees and by nearest neighbor sampling method in the 30 to 40 samples evaluated the accuracy of this method. Results showed that the three formulas in this study not have accuracy for study of density (N/ha), but suitable to study of spatial pattern. The quantity of Johnson & Zimmer index is a 5.522 and showed that a clumped pattern for trees in forest reserve. Overall results showed that the nearest neighbor sampling method and Byth and Riple (1980) equation are a suitable method to study of tree spatial pattern in Zagros forest
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7864_53a9155d5b00fc17c3b91b9958bf31e5.pdf
2013-09-01
999
1008
Nearest neighbor sampling method
Zagross forests
Chahartagh forest reserve
Johnson & Zimmer
Yousef
askari
askari.yousef@yahoo.com
1
Ph.D student of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pejman
tahmasebi Kohyani
2
Assistant professor of Rangeland, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Asaadi, A.M., Ghorbanzadeh, M, (2010). Determination of the most suitable than distance method for density measuring and distribution pattern of Artemisia in the north Khorasan province.
1
Askari, Y., Parsapour. M.K., hosseni. Z. (2013). Modeling of Suitability Iranian Oak site for establish of coppice regeneration in Zagros forest. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR), 1(1): 61-70.
2
Askari. Y., Kafash Saei. E., Delpasand. S., Rezaei. D. (2013). Evaluation of Crategus sp. spatial pattern in the Central Zagros Forest, International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(2):179-185.
3
Askari. Y., Parsapour. M.K., hosseni.Z. (2013). Modeling of Suitability Iranian Oak site for establish of coppice regeneration in Zagros forest. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(1):61-70.
4
Batcheler, C.L., and Bell, D.J., (1970). Experiments in estimating density from joint-point and nearest neighbor distances, Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society, 17:111-117.
5
Batista. J.L.F., Maguire. D.A. (1998). Modeling the spatial structure of tropical forests. Forest Ecol. and Manag, 110: 293-314.
6
Bazyar. M., Bonyad. A., Babaie Kafaki. S. (2013a). Study of most element of forest destruction by used the IRS-1C and LANDSAT image in the southern zagros forest (Case study: Kohkeloeye and
7
Boveirahmad province). International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR), 1(1): 35-44.
8
Bazyar. M., Haidari. M., Shabanian. N., Haidari. R.H. (2013b). Impact of physiographical factors on the plant species diversity in the Northern Zagros Forest (Case study, Kurdistan Province, Marivan region). Annals of Biological Research, 4 (1):317-324.
9
Beiranvand. A., Bonyad. A.E., Sousani. J. (2013). Evaluation of Changes in Per Capita Green Space through Remote Sensing Data. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(4):321-330.
10
Byth, K. and Ripley, B. D., (1980). On sampling spatial patterns by distance methods. Biometrics 36:279-284.
11
Catana, A.J., (1963). The wandering quarter method of estimating population density, Ecology, 44(2):349-366.
12
Cottam G.‚ & Courtis J.T.‚ (1956). Some sampling characteristic of a series of aggregated population. Ecology 38(4):610-622.
13
Haidari. M. (2013a). Study of herb diversity in the zagros forest (Case study: Kurdistan province).
14
International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR), 1(1): 25-34.
15
Haidari. M., Etemad. V and Khosropour. E. (2013b). Study of tree regeneration in the grazed and
16
non-grazed areas in the Iran-o- Turanian Ecological Zones. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR), 1(1): 18-24.
17
Haidari. M., Jalilvand. H., Haidari. R.H., Shabanian. N., (2012 c). Study of Plant Biodiversity in Grazed and Non-grazed Areas in the Iran-o-Turanian Ecological Zones (Case Study: Yazd Province, IRAN). Annals of Biological Research, 3 (11):5019-5027.
18
Haidari. M., Namiranian. M., Gahramani. L., Zobeiri. M., Shabanian. N. (2013d). Study of vertical and horizontal forest structure in Northern Zagros Forest (Case study: West of Iran, Oak forest).
19
European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1):268-278.
20
Haidari. M., Namiranian. M., Zobeiri. M and Ghahramany. L. (2013f). Evaluation of different sampling method to study of tree density (tree/hectare) in the Zagros forest. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR), 1(1): 11-17.
21
Haidari. M., Namiranian. M., Zobeiri. M., Ghahramany. L. (2013f). Evaluation of different sampling method to study of tree density (tree/hectare) in the Zagros forest. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(1):11-17.
22
Haidrai. M., Bazyar. M., Hosseini. S.A., Haidari. R.H., Shabanian. N. (2013g), Study of forest destruction by used the diversity index in the Northern Zagros Forest (Case study: Oak forest).
23
International Journal of Biological & Medical Research, 4(1): 2720- 2725.
24
Heidari R.H, Zobeiri M, Namiranian M, Sobhani H, (2007). Application of T-square sampling method in Zagross forests (Case Study: Kermanshah province), Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 15(1): 31-42.
25
Heidari R.H, Zobeiri M, Namiranian M, Sobhani H, (2009). Comparison of circular plot and transect sampling methods in the Zagros Oak Forests (Case study: Educational and research forest of Razi University, Kermanshah province). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 17(3):358-368.
26
Heidari R.H., Namiranian M, Zobeiri M, Sobhani H, (2008). Sampling study of applicability of point-center quarter method in Zagros Forests (Case Study: Kermanshah province), Journal of the Iranian Natural Res., 61(1): 84-91. Jahanbazi gojani, H., Ahmadi Karori, S., Talebi, M., and Khoshnevis, M., (1999). study of Ecophysiology of Juniperus polycarpus in Chaharmehal and Bakhtyari, researches planning of natural resource, Iran, 87 p.
27
Joset l., (2004). A simple distance estimator for plant density in uniform stand.
28
Karamshahi A, Zobeiri M, Namiranian M, Feghhi J, (2012). Investigation on application of k-nn (knearest neighbor) sampling method in Zagros forests (Case study: Karzan forest, Ilam), Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(4): 452-465.
29
Karamshahi, A., (2007). Evaluation of different sampling of circular and distance methods. Ph.D Thesis, Faculty of natural resourse, university of Tehran, 164 p.
30
Kint. V., D. W. Robert, L. Noel. (2004). Evaluation of sampling methods for the estimation of structural indices in forest stands. Ecological Modeling, 180: 461–476.
31
Krebs, C.J. (1989). Ecological Methodology, Harper Collins: New York, 653 pp.
32
Ludwig, J.A. and Reynolds. J.F., 1988. Statistical Ecology: a primer on Methods and computing, John Wiley and sons New York, 337 pp.
33
Ludwig. J. A., Reynolds. J. F. (1988). Statistical ecology, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
34
Lyon L. J. U. S. D. A. termountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, 1967. Utah.
35
Mirjalili A., Dianati Tilaki Gh., Baghestani N, (2008). Comparison of five distance methods for estimating density on Shrub Communities in Tang-Laybid Yazd, Iranian journal of Range and Desert Research 15(3): 295-303.
36
Moslemi Seyed Mahalleh. SM., Shabanipour. M., Mostafa Soltani. N., Haidari. M. (2013).
37
Determination of suitable sampling methods for study of canopy cover in the Oak Forest. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(4):375-381.
38
Naghavi, H, Fallah. A., Jalilvand. H, Soosani. J, (2009). Determination of the most appropriate transects length for estimation of quantitative characteristics in Zagros forests Iranian Journal of Forest, 1(3), 228-238.
39
Nimvari J.E, Zobeiri M, Sobhani H, Zangeneh H.P., 2002. A Comparison of RandomizedSystematic Sampling with Circle Shape Plot and Transect Method, Based on Precision and Cost, (Case Study in Sorkhedizeh of Kermanshah).
40
Parma. R., Shataee. S. (2013). Estimation of species diversity of trees and shrubs using ETM+ sensor data (Case study of forests in Qalajeh Kermanshah province). International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR), 1(1): 71-78.
41
Pourmoghadam. K., Pourmoghadam. K, Khosropour. E., Haidari. M. (2013). Identifying forest
42
types associate with physiological factors in middle Zagros forests in Iran. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR). 1(8):830-834.
43
Safari .A, Shabanian. N., Heidari. R.H., Erfanifard. S.Y., Pourreza. M. (2011). Investigation of spatial pattern of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) (Case study: Bayangan forests, Kirmanshah). Iranian Journal of Forest, 2(2): 177-185.
44
Safari. A., Shabanian. N., Heidari. R.H., Erfanifard. S.Y and M. Pourreza. (2011). Spatial pattern of Manna Oak trees (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in Bayangan forests of Kermanshah. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18 (4): 596-608.
45
Shimatani. K., Y. Kubota, (2004). Spatial analysis for continuously changing point patterns along a gradient and its application to an Abies sachalinensis population. Ecological Modelling, 180: 359–
46
Wolf. A. (2005). Fifty year record of change in tree spatial patterns within a mixed deciduous forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 215: 212–223.
47
Wulder. M. A., K. O. Niemann, T. Nelson. (2004). Comparison of airborne and satellite high resolution data for the identification of individual trees with local maxima filtering. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(11), 2225–2232.
48
Zabiholahii. S., Haidari. M., Namiranian. N., Shabanian. N. (2012). Effect of traditional forest management practices in Havare khol pattern on forest structure (Case study: Kurdistan province,
49
Northern Zagros forest). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 5(1): 42- 47.
50
Zobeiri, M., (2002). Forest biometry, University of Tehran, 401 p.
51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Salinity Stress on Growth Parameters and Essential Oil percentage of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is one of the most important plants producing essential oil. An experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications to study the effect of salinity stress on growth parameters, essential oil percent of peppermint. 4 levels of salinity solution containing 0, 50, 100 and 200 mmol NaCl was applied in irrigation plantings in a greenhouse. The results showed that salinity stress significantly affected Stem length, root length, shoot wet weight, root wet weight and shoot dry weight, root dry weight, Internodes length, biomass and Essential oil percent in P < 0.05. An increase in the salinity lead to reduce in length of stem and root, fresh weight of stem and root, dry weight of stem and root, internodes length, total biomass and essential oil percent. It is necessary to mention that peppermint did not tolerate 200 mmol NaCl and died under this condition. The highest values of growth parameters and essential 1 oil percent were observed under non-salinity condition(control). Also, were increased proline with the increase of salinity( P < 0.05)
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7865_0a48715529b455533f76519f11c8aa64.pdf
2013-09-01
1009
1015
essential oil
peppermint
Sodium chloride
Growth parameters
Proline
Nasim
Roodbari
roodbari.nasim7@gmail.com
1
Department of Experimental science, Kahnouj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahram
Roodbari
2
Master of Agricultural Management Agriculture of Jiroft, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Ganjali
3
Faculty of Experimental science, Kahnouj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman,Iran
AUTHOR
Fariba
Sabeghi nejad
4
Master of Agriculture of Experimental science, Kahnouj Branch, Islamic Azad Universit
AUTHOR
Masoumeh
Ansarifar
5
Faculty of computer, Kahnouj Branch, Islamic Azad University, kerman, Ira
AUTHOR
Aziz, E.A., H. Al-Amier and L.E. Craker. ( 2008a). Influence of Salt Stress on Growth and Essential Oil Production in Peppermint, Pennyroyal and Apple Mint. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants,
1
14, 77-87.
2
Aziz, E.A., S.T. Hendawi, E.E.D. Azza and E.A. Omer. ( 2008b). Effect of Soil Type and Irrigation Intervals on Plant Growth, Essential Oil and Constituents of Thymus vulgaris Plant. Amrican-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci,. 4(4), 443-450.
3
Ayers,R.S. and D.W.Westcot. (1976). Water Quality for Agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage paper
4
No.29.Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations.Rome. Charles, D.J., R.J. Joly and J.E. Simon. ( 1990). Effect of Osmotic Stress on the Essential oil Content and Composition of Peppermint. Phytochemistry, 29, 2837-2840.
5
Cheesman, J.M. (1988). Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Plants. J. Plant Physiol, 87, 547-50.
6
Clark, R.J. and R.C. Menary. ( 2008). Environmental Effects on Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Effects of Temperature on Photosynthesis, Photorespiration and Dark Respiration in Peppermint with Reference to Oil Composition. Australian J. Plant Physiol., 7(6), 693-697. Grieve, M. (1999). A Modern Herbal, Mints.
7
Hendawy SF, Khalid KhA. (2005). Response of sage (salvia officinalis L.) plants to zinc application under different salinity levels J Appl Sci Res, 1,147-55.
8
Heidari, F., S. Zehtab Salmasi, A. Javanshir, H. Aliari and M.R. Dadpoor. (2008). The Effects of Application Microelements and Plant Density on Yield and Essential oil of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Iranian J. Med. Aromatic Plants, 24, 1-9.
9
Khammari, I., Sh. A. Saran and M. Dahmardeh. (2007). The Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination and Growth in Six Medicinal Plants. Iranian J. Med. Aromatic Plants, 23, 331-339.
10
Mahmoud, S.S. and R.B. Croteau. (2003). Menthofuran Regulates Essential oil Biosynthesis in Peppermint by Controlling a Downstream Monoterpene Reductase. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washingston State University, Pullman, 100, 14481-14486.
11
Mansour MMF. (2000). Nitrogen containing compounds and adaptation of plants to salinity stress. Biol Plant. 43,491-500.
12
Munns, R. (2003). Comparative Physiology of Salt and Water Stress. Plant Cell Environ., 25, 239-50.
13
Muthukumarasamy M, Gupta DS, Panneerselvam R. (2000). Influence of triadimefon on the metabolism of NaCl stressed radish. Biol Plant; 43,67-72.
14
Niakan, M., R.A. Khavarynejad and M.B. Rezaee. (2004). Effect of Different Rates of N/P/K Fertilizer on Leaf Fresh weight, Dry Weight, Leaf area and Oil Content in Mentha piperita L. Iranian J. Med. Aromatic Plants Res., 20(2), 131-148.
15
Noroozi, M. (2001). Hydroponic. Publication of Mohaddes.
16
Olfa Baatour, R., W. Kaddour, M. Aidi Wannes and B. Lachaal Marzouk. (2009). Salt Effects on the Growth, Mineral Nutrition, Essential oil Yield and Composition of Marjoram (Origanum majorana). Acta Physiol Plant, 10,0374- 6.
17
Ozturk, A., A. Unlukara, A. Ipek and B. Gurbuz. ( 2004). Effects of Salt Stress and Water Deficit on Plant Growth and Essential oil Content of Lemon Balm (Melissa officialis L.). Pak. J. Bot., 36(4), 787- 792.
18
Razmjoo, K., P. Heydarizadeh and M.R. Sabzalian. (2008). Effect of Salinity and Drought Stresses on Growth Parameters and Essential oil Content of Matricaria chamomila. Int. J. Agri. Biol., 10, 451-4.
19
Rout NP, Shaw BP. (2001). Salt tolerance in aquatic macrophytes: ionic relation and interaction. Biol Plant; 55,91-5.
20
Safikhani, F., H. Heydari sharifabad, A. Syadat, A. Sharifi ashorabadi, M. Syednedjad and B.
21
Abbaszadeh. (2007). The Effect of Drought Stress on Percentage and Yield of Essential oil and Physiological Characteristics of Deracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian J. Med. Aromatic Plants, 23, 86- 99.
22
Tabatabaie, J. and J. Nazari. (2007). Influence of Nutrient Concentrations and NaCl Salinity on the Growth, Photosynthesis and Essential oil Content of Peppermint and Lemon Verbena. Turk J. Agric. For., 31, 245-253.
23
Yazdani, D., H. Jamshidi and F. Mojab. (2002). Compare of Essential oil Yield and Menthol Existent in Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Planted in Different Origin of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants of Medicinal Plant Institute of Jahad daneshgahi, 3, 73-78.
24
Wolf,B. (1999). The fertile triangle. Food products press. Binghampton, New York.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Cichorium Intybus on the Activities of Bifidobacterium Bifidum and Lactobacillus Acidophilus in Probiotic Milk and Yoghurt
Chicory plant (Cichorium intybus) belongs to Asteraceae family and contains flavonoids. This research carried out in order to evaluate the effect of chicory plant on the activities of bifidobacterium bifidum and lactobacillus acidophilus. Four containers containing a liter of 1.5 % sterilized skim milk were selected as four group in order to produce milk containing probiotic bifidobacterium bifidum, then 0.33 gr starter of bifidobacterium bifidum added and after that 0 %, 0.03%, 0.06% and 0,09% the powder of Cichorium intybus were added. Samples were considered based on pH, acidity and microbes count. Sensory evaluation was done in fourteenth day. The questionnaire results were analyzed by SPSS software based on descriptive statistics. The viability of probiotic bacteria were considered based on direct count. Results showed the maximum activity of bacteria was recorded in fourteenth day so that when this value was increased, the acidity also was being increased. Consistency time of product was determined 21 days and also bacteria indicated significant progress on MRS agar
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7866_0865d88c3be70d67a1f458ad82b08552.pdf
2013-09-01
1016
1021
Probiotic
Bifidobacterium bifidum
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Milk
Cichorium intybus
Abbas
azimi
aazimiraviz@yahoo.com
1
Doctor of veterinary medicine, Department of food hygiene, Veterinary faculty, Kazerun branch, Islamic azad university, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossein
Marhamatizadeh
2
Assistance Professor, Department of food hygiene, Veterinary faculty, Kazerun branch, Islamic azad university, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Azadneya
3
Assistance Professor, Department of food hygiene, Veterinary faculty, Kazerun branch, Islamic azad university, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdel Rahman. R., Sara E., Gomaa Nader R., Abdelsalam Hossam El-Din. M.F., El-Wakil Ahmed. S., Khaled Horya M. (2013). Effect of Sodium Chloride on Tropane Alkaloids Accumulation and Proline content in Datura metel and D. stramonium callus cultures. International journal of Advanced Biological
1
and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(2):197-210 .
2
Asgari safdar. A.H., Daghigh Kia. H., Moghaddam.G, Khani. A.H., Alijani. S. (2013). Reproductive performance and blood metabolites concentration in Iranian Afshari ewes fed calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) in flushing period. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(6):669-676.
3
Bayati Zadeh. J, Moradi kor. Z. (2013). Ruminal protein degradation and estimation of rumen microbial protein production. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(8):914-921.
4
Ebrahimpour. M., Kiyani. V., Mohammadhasan. H. (2013). Investigation acute toxicity some of heavy metals at different water hardness. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(2):134-142.
5
Ezzati kaklar. A., Moradi kor. N. (2013). The effects of psychological stress and other environmental factors on incidence of diseases. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(8):899-903
6
Farkhonde. A. (1998). Test method of milk and dairy. Forth adition. Tehran University publishes. 266-270.
7
KhosraviDarani. K., Koshki, MR.(2008). Probiotics in the milk and dairy. Marzedaneshpublish, Firstadition, 243-244.
8
Mansourbahmani. M., Heravi Moussavi. A., Vakili.A., Rezaie. M.R., Dehghan. H.R., Rezvan Najad. E. (2013). Study of Existing Radon In Milk and Its Effect on Body Organs. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 2013; 1(8):802-812.
9
Marhamatizadeh, MH., Kazeroonian, H. (2009). Study on honey yoghurt as the bearer of Probiotic bacteria’s Lactobacillus acidophilus. Doctors of Veterinary Medicine thesis Islamic Azad University.Number 689, Azad University of Kazerun.
10
Marhamatizadeh, MH., Rafatjoo, R., Farokhi. AR., Karmand. M., Rezaazade, S. (2009). The study of soya extracts on the growth of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacerium bifidum bacteria in probiotic milk and yoghurt. Journal of Veterinary Pathobiology 1: 23-28.
11
Marhamatizadeh. MH., Mahmodi, M. (2009). Study on honey yoghurt as the bearer of Probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Doctors of Veterinary Medicine thesis Islamic
12
Azad University, Number 687, Islamic Azad University of Kazerun. Mortazavian. AM., Sohrabvandi, S. (2006). Probiotic and Probiotic foods. Ata publish. 213-264.
13
Nabinejad. A. (2013). Study on subclinical and clinical Marek’s disease (MD) in the broiler chickens using histopathology. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 2013; 1(8):795-801.
14
Sadat hoseini. Z., rezaei. Z., dehghan. H.R., rezaie. M.R. (2013). Investigation of aflatoxin M1 reduction in milk by solution of radioactive iodine131. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(8):904-909
15
Sarrela, M., Mogensen, G., Fonden, R., Sandholm. TM.(2000). Probiotic bacteria: safety, functional and technological properties. Journal of Biotechnology. 84: 197-215.
16
Sarrela. M., Mogensen .G., Fonden .R., Sandholm. TM. (2000). Probiotic bacteria: safety, functional and technological properties. Journal of Biotechnology, 84: 197-215.
17
Standard anistitue and industrial search of Iran. (1999). Sense Test of milk and dairy with graded method. Nutionalindasterial number 781p.
18
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19
Ziemer. CJ., Gibson. GR. (1998). An overview of probiotics, orebiotics and synbiotics in the Functional food concept: perspectives and future strategies. Int. Dairy Journal, 8: 473-479.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Seed Equilibrium Moisture Curves in Agro Physics
The water relations play a fundamental role in seed comprehension of biology. In order to describe the process of drying and the effect on water activity, which controls biological change in storage, a sound knowledge of the relationship between equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and water activity/equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) is essential. The relationship between the total moisture content and water activity of the food, over a range of values, at a constant temperature and under equilibrium conditions, yields a moisture sorption isotherm when expressed graphically. This isotherm curve can be obtained in one of two ways; adsorption or desorption. The establishment and the mathematical description of the moisture sorption isotherms could help the food engineers to design these processing equipments. Here there are many researches on seeds of plant and some foods. In all researches seeds or foods has one or more mathematical models for describing of the moisture sorption isotherms. However, in all seeds or foods the equilibrium moisture contents increased with an increase in the water activity at any particular temperature and decreased with increase in temperature at constant water activity. The researches have suggested that the water potential of the seed or seed structures provides a better indicator of the seed water status than water content
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7867_cea3f5e5175bfe866a4d4d3de7c952c7.pdf
2013-09-01
1022
1032
Agro physic
Isotherm and Seed
Morad
Shaban
shaban.morad@yahoo.com
1
Young researchers club, Boroujed branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ajibola, O. O., & Dairo, U. O. (1998). The relationship between equilibrium relative humidity and moisture content of sesame seed using the vapor manometric method. Ife Journal of Technology, 8(1),61–67.
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5
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6
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8
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Dorema Aucheri on the Activities of Bifidobacterium Bifidum and Lactobacillus Acidophilus in Probiotic Milk and Yoghurt
Chicory plant (Dorema aucheri) belongs to Asteraceae family and contains flavonoids. Milk is a mixture of protein, fat, lactose, minerals. This research carried out in order to evaluate the effect of chicory plant on the activities of bifidobacterium bifidum and lactobacillus acidophilus. Four containers containing a liter of 1.5 % sterilized skim milk were selected as four group in order to produce milk containing probiotic bifidobacterium bifidum, then 0.33 gr starter of bifidobacterium bifidum added and after that 0 %, 0.03%, 0.06% and 0,09% the powder of Dorema aucheri were added. Samples were considered based on pH, acidity and microbes count. Sensory evaluation was done in fourteenth day. Results showed the maximum activity of bacteria was recorded in fourteenth day so that when this value was increased, the acidity also was being increased. Consistency time of product was determined 21 days and also bacteria indicated significant progress on MRS agar
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7868_6b23a27037da47db079bda9c977d4e02.pdf
2013-09-01
1033
1039
Probiotic
Chicory plant
Lactobacillus acidophilus
yoghurt
Dorema aucheri
Sadegh
zafari
zafarisadegh@sabamail.com
1
Doctor of veterinary medicine, Department of food hygiene, Veterinary faculty, Kazerun branch, Islamic azad university, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossein
Marhamatizadeh
2
Assistance Professor, Department of food hygiene, Veterinary faculty, Kazerun branch, Islamic azad university, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Azadneya
3
Assistance Professor, Department of food hygiene, Veterinary faculty, Kazerun branch, Islamic azad university, Iran
AUTHOR
Bayati Zadeh. J, Moradi kor. Z. (2013). Ruminal protein degradation and estimation of rumen microbial protein production. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) .1(8):914-921.
1
Ebrahimpour. M., Kiyani. V., Mohammadhasan. H. (2013). Investigation acute toxicity some of heavy metals at different water hardness. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(2):134-142.
2
Enb,A.,AbouDonia,M.,Abd-Rabou,N.,Abou-Arab,A.,El Senaity,M(2009).Chemical Composition of
3
Raw Milk and Heavy Metals Behavior During Processing of Milk Products. Global Veterinaria. 3 (3):268- 275.
4
Ezzati kaklar. A., Moradi kor. N. (2013). The effects of psychological stress and other environmental factors on incidence of diseases. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 1(8):899-903.
5
Farkhonde. A. (1998). Test method of milk and dairy. Forth adition. Tehran University publishes. 266-270.
6
Hekmat. S., McMahon. D. (1999). Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in Ice Cream for Use as a Probiotic Food. Journal of Dairy Science. 75(6): 1415–1422.
7
Jensen,R. (1995). Handbook of milk composition. New York, NY: Academic Press.
8
Kailasapathy. K., Chin. J. (2000). Survival and therapeutic potential of probiotic organisms with reference to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. mmunology and Cell Biology (2000) 78,80–88.
9
KhosraviDarani. K., Koshki, MR.(2008). Probiotics in the milk and dairy. Marzedaneshpublish, Firstadition, 243-244.
10
Krasaekoopt. W., Bhandari. B., Deeth. H., 2003. Evaluation of encapsulation techniques of probiotics for yoghurt. International Dairy Journal, 13(1): 3–13.
11
lindmarkm, H.(2008)Fatty acids in bovine milk fat. Food Nutr. Res. 52.
12
Mansourbahmani. M., Heravi Moussavi. A., Vakili.A., Rezaie. M.R., Dehghan. H.R., Rezvan Najad. E. (2013). Study of Existing Radon In Milk and Its Effect on Body Organs. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 2013; 1(8):802-812.
13
Marhamatizadeh, MH., Kazeroonian, H. (2009). Study on honey yoghurt as the bearer of Probiotic bacteria’s Lactobacillus acidophilus. Doctors of Veterinary Medicine thesis Islamic Azad University.
14
Number 689, Azad University of Kazerun.
15
Marhamatizadeh, MH., Rafatjoo, R., Farokhi. AR., Karmand. M., Rezaazade, S. (2009). The study of soya extracts on the growth of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacerium bifidum bacteria in probiotic milk and yoghurt. Journal of Veterinary Pathobiology 1: 23-28.
16
Marhamatizadeh. MH., Mahmodi, M. (2009). Study on honey yoghurt as the bearer of Probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Doctors of Veterinary Medicine thesis Islamic Azad University, Number 687, Islamic Azad University of Kazerun.
17
Mortazavian. AM., Sohrabvandi, S. (2006). Probiotic and Probiotic foods. Ata publish. 213-264.
18
Nabinejad. A. (2013). Study on subclinical and clinical Marek’s disease (MD) in the broiler chickens using histopathology. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 2013; 1(8):795-801.
19
Nabinejad. A. (2013). Study on subclinical and clinical Marek’s disease (MD) in the broiler chickens using histopathology. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research (IJABBR) . 2013; 1(8):795-801.
20
Nagendra P. Shah, Warnakulasuriya E.V, Lankaputhra, Margaret L. Britz, William S.A. Kyle. (1995). Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in commercial yoghurt during refrigerated storage. International Dairy Journal, 5(5): 515–521.
21
S Rybka, K Kailasapathy. 1995. The survival of culture bacteria in fresh and freeze-dried AB yoghurts. The Australian Journal of Dairy Technology, 50 (2): 51–57.
22
Sarrela, M., Mogensen, G., Fonden, R., Sandholm. TM.(2000). Probiotic bacteria: safety, functional and technological properties. Journal of Biotechnology. 84: 197-215.
23
Sarrela. M., Mogensen .G., Fonden .R., Sandholm. TM. (2000). Probiotic bacteria: safety, functional and technological properties. Journal of Biotechnology, 84: 197-215.
24
Standard anistitue and industrial search of Iran. (1999). Sense Test of milk and dairy with graded method. Nutionalindasterial number 781p.
25
Standard anistitue and industrial search of Iran. (2006). Milk and dairy. Finding acidity and pH-Test method. Nutionalindasterial number 9985.
26
Vinderola. C.G., Bailo. N., Reinheimer. J.A, 2000. Survival of probiotic microflora in Argentinian yoghurts during refrigerated storage, Food Research International, 33(2): 97–102.
27
Ziemer. CJ., Gibson. GR. (1998). An overview of probiotics, orebiotics and synbiotics in the Functional food concept: perspectives and future strategies. Int. Dairy Journal, 8: 473-479.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studying the Effect of Kidney Internal Structure on Beta Absorbed Dose of Radiopharmaceuticals Hg-203, Ho-166 And Y-90 Using Monte Carlo
Large quantities of radiopharmaceuticals prescribed for treatment and diagnosis are excreted through kidney. Therefore, radiation unwanted dose is created in kidney. As a result, exact calculation of prescribed radiopharmaceuticals amount is important. Monte Carlo method is used for simulation of radiation transport in body due to random nature of radiation. In this research, for the first time kidney is considered integrated and for the second time it is considered that it has three areas; beta absorbed dose is calculated and compared in cortex and medulla kidney using MCNPX code to identify a more accurate way to prescribe radioisotope. The results showed that beta absorbed dose in medulla is 4 times as much as dose in integrated kidney and beta dose in cortex is 0.004 to 0.012 times as much as dose in integrated kidney. Internal structure of kidney should be considered in simulation to achieve a more accurate prescribed dose
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7873_7050613cf768ffa1f4c5f91925864f5d.pdf
2013-09-01
1040
1046
Absorbed dose
Medulla
Cortex
Monte Carlo method
Mohammad
Mirzaei
m.mirzaei@tvu.ac.ir
1
Physics department, Faculty of shahid chamran, Technical and Vocational University, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bouchet LG, Bloch WE, Blanco HP, Wessels BW, Siegel JA, Rajon DA, Clairand I,Sgouros G (2003).
1
Absorbed Fractions and Radionuclide S Values for Six Age-Dependent Multiregion Models of the Kidney .MIRD PAMPHLET NO. 19.J Nucl Med :44:1113-1147.
2
Briesmeister JF (2000). MCNP A general Monte Carlo N-particle transport code, Version 4C, Los Alamos.
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Cristy M, Eckerman KF (1987).specific absorbed fractions of energy at various ages from internal photon source.
4
Firestone RB ، Ekström LP (1999). LBNL Isotopes Project - LUNDS University. ،Table of Radioactive Isotopes. Version 2.1. The website: http://ie.lbl.gov/toi/nuclide.asp?
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6
Kalantar Hormozi M, Nabipour I, Assadi M, Asadipouya K, Zendehboudi S, Ranjbar Omrani G. (2011).
7
Subclinical Hypothyroid. ISMJ; 14 (1):51-60.
8
Los Alamos National Laboratory (2002).MCNPX Users manual. version 2.4.0.
9
Mirzaei M, Mowlavi AA, Mirshekarpour H, Mohammadi S (2012). Absorbed dose calculation from beta and gamma rays of I-131 in ellipsoidal thyroid and other organs of neck with MCNPX code, Iranian South Med J, 3:201-7.
10
Mowlavi AA , Mokhtarinejad E (2006). Dose Calculation Due to a 125I Source Model 6711 and Determination of Its Dosimetry Parameters in Water and Soft Tissue Phantom, Iranain Journal of Medical Physics, Vol.3 ,No.12.
11
Mowlavi AA (2008).Monte Carlo Dose Calculation of 90Sr/90Y Source in Water Phantom, Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, Vol.5, No.1 (18-19).
12
Soniua M, Eman M, Magda SH, Ibrahem I, Esmat AA (2006). Monte carlo dose calculations for breast radiotherapy using co-60 gamma rays .Journal of Nuclear and radiation Physics 1[1]: 61-72.
13
Wessels BW, Konijnenberg MW, Dale RG, Breitz HB, Cremonesi M, Meredith AJ, Green AJ, Bouchet LG, Brill AB, Bloch WE, Sgouros G, Thomas S (2008). The Effect of Model Assumptions on Kidney Dosimetry and Response—Implications for Radionuclide Therapy.J Nucl Med 49:1884-1899.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Comparison of Effect of Conservation on Biodiversity and Density Indeces of Wintery Waterfowl and Wader Birds in Maroon Dam in Protected Area and Jaizan Dam
This study was performed in second half of year 2009.For bird counting , monthly from Septamber until March 2009. Total counted birds in Maroon lake were (971). Maximum number of counted birds was in February (191) and minimum of counted was in Septamber (95). Total counted birds in Jaizan were (385. Maximum number of the counted bird was in February (84) and minimum of counted (52) was in Januarry. Comparision of density of waterfowl and wader birds between Maroon lake and Jaizan lake shown that density was in Maroon was (0.48) bird per hectar and in Jaizan was 3.20 bird in hectar in during study time. Density maximum in maroon lake was (0.09) bird/hectar while it was (0.7) bird/hectar in jaizan lake in February. The density minimum in maroon lake was (0.04) bird/hectar in March while it was (0.4) bird/hectar in Jaizan lake in January. According to Morrista index, maximum difference between two lakes was (0.33) in January and maximum similarity was (0.64) in February. It is concluded that biodiversity and density waterfowl birds and waderbirds in compare with natural lakes were very low. That is seems that difference factors such as depth lake, poor vegetation cover, continuous change in water depth, large slope in border zones and unsuitable quality of water have important role in this matter but since these limitation were less in Jaizan. the diversity and density index were higher in compare with Maroon. conservation effect on the biodiversity and density indexes by regression tests shown that the conservation effect on the biodiversity and density of waterfowl and waderbirds between Maroon lake in the protected area and the Jaizan lake was not significant (p-value=0.059)
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7869_9ba9b22a47a360e8a88b9a72b9b0d42a.pdf
2013-09-01
1047
1057
Conservation
Jaizanlake
Maroon lake
Diversity index
Density
Ahmad
Bahrebar
ahmad.bahrebar@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. of Environmental Science, Islamic Azad University, Dehdasht branch, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seied Saeed
Mohaghegh
2
Postgraguated of Environmental Engineering and instructor of Dehdasht Payam noor Universuty, Kohkiloievaboirahmad
AUTHOR
Behroz
Behrouzirad
3
Assistant Professor of Environmental Science, Ahvaz Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Bahrebar
4
M. Sc. Of Animal Physiology, Academic Member of Dehdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
AUTHOR
Seied Mehdi
Amininasab
5
M. Sc. of Environmental Science, Behbahan University, Behbahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ayat
Rohina
ayat_rohina60@yahoo.com
6
Postgraduated of watershed management and instructor of Payam noor university at Kohkiloie va Boirahmad branch and Young researcher club, Islamic Azad university, Yasouj branch
AUTHOR
1-Bahadori fard, M. 2008. Compare of density and diversity of waterfowl on the Bezangan lake and Shahid Yaghubi in the second half of the 2008, Khorasan provinces, master's thesis, Ahvaz Science and Research.
1
2- Davidson, N. & Delany, S. (1998). Biodiversity impacts of large dams: waterbirds. Wetlands international, PO Box 471, 6700 Al wageningen, The Netherlands
2
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3
4- Davidson, N. & Delany, S.(1998). Biodiversity impacts of large dams: waterbirds. Wetlands international, PO Box 471, 6700 Al wageningen, The Netherlands.
4
5-Elemberg, J. Nummi, H. Poeysea&Sjoebreg, K. 1994. Relationships between species number, lake size and resours diversity in assemblages of breeding waterfowl, Biogeoger, vol,21(1):75-84.
5
6- mushtagh, B., Raina, R., Yaseen, T and Yousef, A.R. 2013. Variations in the physico-chemical properties of dal lake, srinagar, Kashmir. International journal ofadvances Biological and biomedical research, 1(7): 737-753.
6
7-Shayan kia, S. 2003.Identifying of density, distribution and Biodiversity of waterfowl and water bird in the Gavkhuni wetland and its comparison with Ramsar Conventions criteria. Environment journal, 40:4-
7
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8
9- Magurran, Anne E. (2003). Measuring biological diversity.Blackwell Publishing.
9
10- Quan, R.Wen, X. & Yang, X. (2002.) Effect of human activities on migratory warterbirds at Lashihai lake, China. Biological/ conservation 108: 273-219
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11- Swanepol, D.,Underhill,L..,Harebottle, D.,Wheeler, M &Williams,A.( 2006). Waterbirds at the Theewaterskloof Dam, western cape, south Africa,1993-2005. Journal of African Ornithology.77(3&4):170–174.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Hydrodistillation, Microwave Hydrodistillation and Solvent Free Microwave Methods in Analysis of the Essential Oils from Aerial Parts of Haplophyllum Robustum Bge. by GC/MS Method
The genus Haplophyllum, which belongs to the Rutaceae family, includes 18 species in Iran. In this study, after collecting plant material, botanical identification and suitable drying, the essential oils from aerial parts of Haplophyllum robustum Bge. were extracted by three different isolation techniques, conventional hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The main components of three essential oils were sabinene (28.9%-31.5%), β- phellandrene (11.0%-14.6%), 1,8- cineole (7.2%-11.0%), 3,5- dimethoxy toluene (5.1%-14.2%), β- pinene (7.3%-8.9%) and terpinene-4-ol (5.8%-6.2%). Higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole, Camphor and terpinene-4-ol were present in the oil of MAHD and SFME (21.1% and 21.0%, respectively) in comparison with HD (19.0%). However, HD oil contained more monoterpene hydrocarbons such as sabinene, β- phellandrene, β- pinene (72.6 %) than SFME and MAHD extracted oils (67.9% and 62.8%, respectively). MAHD and SFME offered substantial advantages over conventional HD. A similar extraction yield was achieved at significantly shorter extraction time when using MAHD and SFME instead of HD. Also microwave irradiation significantly reduced the extraction time and did not adversely influence the composition of the essential oil. MAHD and SFME is also more environment-friendly than HD. Compared with many solvent extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet, solvent extraction, and accelerated solvent extraction, MAHD and SFME is a modern, green, and rapid approach
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7872_09ddd4a17b977aa2945bf73b0d7aaa42.pdf
2013-09-01
1058
1067
Haplophyllum robustum
essential oil
Hydrodistillation
Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation
Solvent Free Microwave Extraction
Mehran
Moradalizadeh
mo_mehran@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Naghmeh
Samadi
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Peyman
Rajaei
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Abert-Vian, M., Fernandez, X., Visinoni, F., & Chemat F. (2008). Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity, a new technique for extraction of essential oils. Journal of Chromatography A, 1190, 14-17.
1
Adams, R. P. (1995). Identification of Essential Oil Components By Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectroscopy, Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream ash samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 985, 137-145.
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Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Brazilian species of the genus Cunila against foodborne pathogens and spoiling bacteria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103, 823-828.
3
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accelerated steam distillation of essential oil from lavender: A rapid, clean and environmentally friendly
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19
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22
Khajeh, M., Yamini, Y., Sefidkon, F., & Bahramifar N. (2004). Comparison of essential oil composition of Carum copticum Obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation methods. Food hemistry, 86, 587-591.
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24
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Lucchesi, M. E., Chemat, F., & Smadja J. (2004a). Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: Comparison with conventional hydrodistillation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1043, 323-327.
26
Lucchesi, M. E., Smadja, J., Bradshaw, S., Louw, W., & Chemat, F. (2007). Solvent free microextraction of Elletaria cardamomum L: A multivariate study of a new technique for the extraction of essential oil. Journal of Food Engineering,79 ,1079 –1086.
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Okoh, O.O., Sadimenko, A. P., & Afolayan A. (2010). Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent free microwave extraction methods. Food Chemistry, 120, 308-312.
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35
Rezvanpanah, S., Rezaei, R., Razavi, S. H., & Moini S. (2008). Use of Microwave-assisted
36
Hydrodistillation to Extract the Essential Oils from Satureja hortensis and Satureja montana, Food Science and Technology Research, 14(3), 311 –314.
37
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38
Effects of solvent-free microwave extraction on the chemical composition of essential oil of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi compared with the conventional production method Journal of Separation Science, 31,1110-1117.
39
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40
Sahraoui, N., Abert-Vian, M., Bornard, I., Boutekdjiret, C., & Chemat F. (2008). Improved Microwave Steam Distillation Apparatus for isolation of Essential Oils. Comparison with conventional SteamDistillation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1210, 229-233.
41
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42
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and methanol extracts of Achillea sintenisii Hub Mor.(Asteraceae). Phytotherapy Research, 17, 1005-1010.
43
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44
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45
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46
Tuan, D.Q., & Ilangantileke S.G. (1997). Liquid CO2 extraction of essential oil from star anise fruits (Illicium verum H.). Journal of Food Engineering, 31, 47–57.
47
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48
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49
Wang, Z., Ding, L., Li, T., Zhou, X., Wang, L., Zhang, H., Liu, L., Li, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, H., Zeng, H., & He H. (2006). Improved solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from dried Cuminum cyminum
50
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Response of Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea Mayz L.) to Different Bio Fertilizers
A experiment was lay out in order to evaluate the effects of different biofertilizers on yield and yield components of maize at the Lorestan provience, Iran. The experiment was a factorial design with three replications. Treatments were three nitrogen biofrtilizers (Nitrokara (N1), O4 (N2), O6 (N3) and control (N4)) and three phosphate biofrtilizers (Phosphate barvar2 (P1), Biozarr (P2), Mc1+p5 (P3) and control (P4)).Yield and yield components were determined. Results showed that that there were significant differences in the response of maize to the effect of treatments on yield and its components, but there was non significant differences in HI for two type of biofertilizers. However, maize yield and it components was significantly higher in application of biofertilizers treatments. The highest grain yield was belonged at application of MC1+B5 and the lowest grain yield was belonged at application of phosphat barvar2. Interaction between NÎP shows that N3P3 treatment has the highest grain yield and the N4P2 treatment has the lowest grain yield and the differences were significant. In final results of this study reviled that application nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers increased yield and yield components of maize under Boroujerd environmental condition
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7870_6bdafc892c529e640ff4293403842eaf.pdf
2013-09-01
1068
1077
Bio fertilizer
Maize
Yield
Hassan
Beyranvand
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch, Boroujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Farnia
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch, Boroujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahram
Nakhjavan
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch, Boroujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
Morad
Shaban
shaban.morad@yahoo.com
4
Young researchers club, Boroujed branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afzal, A., Ashraf, M., Asad, S.A. and Farooq, M. (2005). Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on phosphorus uptake, yield and yield traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rainfed area. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 7: 207–9.
1
Audrac, Erickson. (2006). changing the conversation about high fructose corn syrup. In: Corn refiners association, Washington, 4th edition.
2
Azimi, S.M., Farnia, A., Shaban, M. and Lak, M. (2013). Effect of different biofertilizers on Seed yield of barley (Hurdeom vulgar L.), Bahman cultivar. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 5: 538-546.
3
Bashan, Y. (1998). Inoculations of plant growth-promoting bacteria for use in agriculture. Biotehnol. Adv. 16: 729–770.
4
Chabot, R., Antoun, H. and Cescas. M.P. (1993). Stimulation de la croissance du maïs et de la laitue romaine par des microorganismes dissolvant le phosphore inorganique. Canadian J. Microbiol., 39: 941–7.
5
Darzi, M.T., Ghavaland, A. and Rajali, F. (2009). The effects of biofertilizers application on N, P, K assimilation and seed yield infennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Iranian Jor. For medicinal and aromatic plants. (25),(1).
6
El-Kholy, M.A.. S. El-Ashry, and A.M. Gomaa.(2005). Biofertilization of Maize Crop and its Impact on Yield and Grains Nutrient Content under Low rats of Mineral Fertilizers. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 1(2): 117-121.
7
Fulchieri. M. and L. Frioni.(1994). Azospirillum inculation on maize(Zea mays): Effect of yild in a field experiment in central Argentina.Soil.Biol.Biochem., 26: 921-924.
8
Guntoro, D., B.S. Purwoko, and R.G. Hurriyah. 2007. Growth, nutrient uptake, and quality of turfgrass at some dosages of mycorrhiza application. Bul. Agron. 35:142-147.
9
Gyaneshwa,r P., Naresh, Kumar, G., Parekh, L,J. & Poole, P,S. (2002) Role soil microorganisms in improving P nutrition of plant. Plant Soil 245: 83–93.
10
Hay RKM, Gilbert R A (2001) Variation in the harvest index of tropical maize: evaluation of recent evidence from Mexico to Malawi. Annals of Applied Biology 138: 103–109.
11
Hoflich G, Wiehe, W, Kuhn G (1994) Plant growth stimulation with symbiotic and associative rhizosphere microorganisms. Experientia 50: 897–905.
12
Khaliq A, Sanders FE (2000) Effects of vesicular – arbuscular mycrrhizal inoculation on the yield and phosphorus uptake of field – grown barley. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 32: 1691–1696.
13
Kucey, R.M.N., H.H. Janzen and M.E. Leggett. (1989). Microbially mediated increases in plant-available phosphorus. Ad. Agron., 42: 199–228.
14
Lin, W., Y. Okon, and R. W. F. Hardy. (1983). Enhanced mineral uptake by Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor roots inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45:1775-1779.
15
Mohammed, A.S., M.A. AbdelMonem, H. E. Khalifa, M. Beider, I.A. El Ghandour, Y.G.M.Galal. (2001).
16
Using biofertilizers for maize production:response and economic return under different irrigation treatments. Jor.of Sustainable Agricultur, (19). 41-48.
17
Noor, A. 2003. The effect of rock phosphate and combination of phosphate-solubilizingBacteria and farm yard manure on soil available P and growth of soybean on Ultisols. Bul. Agron. 31:100-106.
18
Ortas I (1996) The influence of use of different rates of mycorrhizal inoculum on root infection, plant growth, and phosphorus uptake. Soil Science and Plant Annual 27: 2935-2946.
19
Öztürk, A., O. Caˇglar and F. Sahin. (2003). Yield response of wheat and barley to inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at various levels of nitrogen fertilization. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 166:1-5.
20
Panwar, A.S., N.P.Singh, D.C.Saxena, U.K. Hazarika. (2006). Yield and quality of groundnut seed as influence by phosphorus, biofertilizer and organic manures. Indian Journal of Hill Farming, (CAB abstracts).
21
Rojas, A., Holguin, G., Glick, B,R. & Bashan, Y. (2001). Synergism between Phyllobacterium sp. (N2- fixer) and Bacillus licheniformis (P-solubilizer), both from semiarid mangrove rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 35: 181–187.
22
Salomone, G., and J. Dobereiner.(2004). Maize genotype effects on the response to Azospirillum inculation. Biology and Fertility of soils, 21. ( 3) 193-196.
23
Saraswati, R. and Sumarno. (2008). Application of soil microorganisms as component of agriculture technology. Iptek. Tan. Pangan 3:41.
24
Sarig, S., Y. Okon, and A. Blum,(1990). Promotion of leaf area development and yield in Sorghum bicolor inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. Symbiosis, 9: 235-245.
25
Sattar M A, Gaur AC (1987) Production of auxins and gibberellins by phosphate dissolving microorganisms. Zentral Mikrobiologie.
26
Shaban, M. (2013a). Application of seed equilibrium moisture curves in agro physics. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 9: 885-898.
27
Shaban, M. (2013b). Biochemical aspects of protein changes in seed physiology and germination. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 8: 885-898.
28
Shevananda. (2008). Influence of bio-fertilizers on the availability of nutrients (N, P and K) in soil in relation to growth and yield of Stevia rebaudiana grown in South India. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, Vol. 1(1), pp. 20-24.
29
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30
Vassilev, N., Vassileva, M., Fenice, M. & Federici, F. (2001). Immobilized cell technology applied in solubilization of insoluble inorganic (rock) phosphates and plant acquisition. Bioresource Technol. 79:263–271.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Hydro-Methanolic Extract of Xylopia Aethiopica on Sexual Behaviour in Male Wister Rats
This study aims to investigate the effect of xylopia aethiopica on the sexual behavior of adult male rats. Fort eight adult male wistar rats were used for the study. They were randomly divided into four groups of 6 animals each: group 1 was control, while groups 2, 3 and 4 were test groups treated daily with 0.5, 2 and 10 mg/kg body weight respectively of hydro-methanolic fruit extract of xylopia aethiopice for 30 consecutive days followed by 30 days recovery. Mating test was performed on six animals from each group on days 30 and 60 of the study. Also, 6 animals were sacrificed from each group and blood collected for serum testosterone assay on 31st and 61st days of the study. Results show significant (P<0.05) dose dependent increase in ejaculation latency (EL), and post ejaculatory interval (PEI) with significant decrease (P<0.05) in ejaculation frequency (EF) and in serum testosterone levels in rats in all the test groups. We conclude that xylopia aethiopice enhances copulatory performance without altering sexual excitement, arousal and motivation; therefore could be useful in the management of male sexual dysfunction
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7871_2d3c9235c0d147a5c9b11e7e39273a2d.pdf
2013-09-01
1078
1085
Xylopia aethiopice
Sexual behavior
Aphrodisiac
Male sexual disorder
Ologhaguo
M. Adienbo
ologhaguo.adienbo@uniport.edu.ng
1
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Arthur
Nwafor
2
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt Nigeria
AUTHOR
Ronami
S. Ogbomade
3
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt Nigeria
AUTHOR
Abaidoo C. S; woode E; and Alhassan A (2011). An evaluation of the effect of ethanolic fruit extracts of xylopia althiopica on haematological and biochemical parameters in male rats. Der pharmacia sinica, 2(2): 39-45.
1
Adienbo OM, Nwafor A and Iwuji S (2011). Effect of aqueous fruit extract of xylopia aethiopica on Reproductive hormones in male guinea pigs. Global journal of pure and applied sciences. Vol 17 (2) 137-139.
2
Agmo A. (1997) Male rat sexual behaviour. Brain Res Prot; 1: 203–9.
3
Amin KMY, Khan MN, Rahman SZ, Khan NA (1996): Sexual function improving effect of Mucuna pruriens in sexually normal male rats. Fitoterapia, 67:53-58.
4
Beach FA. (1956). Characteristic of masculine ‘‘sex drive’’. In: Jones MR (ed). Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Press Lincoln: University of Nebraska, pp 1 – 31.
5
Boyom FF, Ngouana V, Zollo PH, Menut C, Bessiere JM, Gut J,( 2003). Rosenthal PJ: Composition and anti-plasmodial activities of essential oils from some Cameroonian medicinal plants. Phytochemistry, 64:1269.
6
Breitbart H.; Rubinstein S.; Nass- Arden L. (1984). Effect of gossypol acetic acid on calcium transport and ATPase activity in plasma membranes from ram and bull spermatozoa. Int. J. Androl. 7: 439-447
7
Burkhills, H.M.,(1985) Useful plants of West Tropical Africa, 2nd edi Royal botanical garden vol 1 Pp130-132
8
Carani C, Bancroft J, Granata A, Del Rio G, Marrama P. (1992).Testosterone and erectile function, nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity and response to erotic stimuli in hypogonadal and eugonadal men. Neuropsychoendocrinology;17:647–92.
9
Dewsbury DA, Davis HN Jr: (1970). Effect of Reserpine on the copulatory behaviour of male rats. Physiol Behav, 5:1331-1333.
10
Esuoso KO, Odetoun SM (2005). Proximate Chemical Composition and Possible industrial Utilization of Blighia sapida seed and oils. J. Phytotherapy Res., 72(7): 311 – 313.
11
Everitt, B.J. (1990.). Sexual motivation: a neural and behavioral analysis of the mechanisms underlying appetitive and copulatory responses of male rats. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 14: 217-232,
12
Fleischer TC, Mensah ML, Mensah AY, Komlaga G, Gbedema SY, Skaltsa H(2008): Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Xylopia aethiopica. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 5:391.
13
Gauthaman K, Adaikan PG & Prasad RNY (2002). Aphrodisiac properties of Tribulus Terrestris extract (Protodioscin) in normal and castrated rats. Life Sciences 71 1385–1396.
14
Hull, E.M., Meisel, R.L. and Sachs, B.D (2002) Male sexual behavior. In: Hormones, Brain and Behavior, edited by Pfaff, D., Arnold, A.P., Etgen, A.M., Fahrbach, S.E. and Rubin, R.T. New York, NY, USA: Academic Press, vol. 1, pp. 3-137.
15
Hull, E.M., Wood, R.I. and McKenna, K.E (2006). Neurobiology of male sexual behavior. In: Knobil and Neill’s Physiology of Reproduction, 3rd ed., edited by Neill, J.D. San Diego, CA, USA: Elsevier Press, pp. 1729-1824.
16
Konning GH, Agyare C, Ennison B (2004): Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from Ghana. Fitoterapia, 75:65.
17
Kuete V (2010): Potential of Cameroonian plants and derived products against microbial infections: a review. Planta Med, 76:1479.
18
Paola Zanoli, Augusta Benelli, Manuela Zavatti, Marianna Rivasi, Claudia Baraldi, Mario Baraldi (2008).
19
Improved sexual behavior in male rats treated with a Chinese herbal extract: hormonal and neuronal implications. Asian J Androl; 10 (6): 937–945
20
Randel R. D; Chase C.C.Jr. and Wyse S.J.(1992). Effects of gossypol and cottonseed products on reproduction of mammals. J. Anim. Sci. 70. 1628
21
Sachs, B.D. and Meisel, R.L. (1988). The physiology of male sexual behavior. In: The Physiology of Reproduction, edited by Knobil, E. and Neill, J. New York: Raven Press, pp. 1393-1458.
22
Szechtman H, Moshe H, Rabi S (1981): Sexual behaviour Pain sensitivity and stimulates endogenous opioid in male rats. Eur J Pharmacol, 70:279-285.
23
Tairu AO, Hofmann T, Schieberle P. (1999). Identification of the key aroma compounds in dried fruit of Xylopia aethiopica. In: J. Janick (ed.), Perspectives on new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA. p. 474– 478.
24
Tajuddin, A; Ahmad, S; Latif, A and Qasmi, I. A (2004). “Effect of 50% ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry. (clove) on sexual behaviour of normal male rats,” BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 4, pp. 17–24.
25
Zanoli P, Benelli A, Rivasi M, Baraldi C, Vezzalini F, Baraldi M.( 2003). Opposite effect of acute and subchronic treatments with Ferula hermonis on copulatory behavior of male rats. Int J Impot Res; 15:450–5.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.)Under non Stress and Drought Stress Conditions
This study was conducted to determine drought tolerance genotypes with superiority in different stressed environments. To screening quantitative indices of drought tolerance, genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were tested in a complete randomized block design with three replications under two different water regimes (irrigated and rainfed). Significant positive correlation was found between grain yield in the stress condition (Ys) with indicators stress tolerance index (STI), harmonic mean (HAR) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) indicating that these indices are suitable criteria for screening drought tolerant genotypes. No significant correlation was observed between Ys with tolerance index (TOL) and mean productivity (MP), hence they can be discarded as the desirable markers for identifying drought tolerant genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA), indicated that the first and second components justified 98.45% of variations between the criteria. Screening drought tolerant genotypes using mean rank, standard deviation of ranks and biplot analysis, discriminated genotype G1 (44) as the most drought tolerant. In conclusion, The indices STI, GMP, MP and HAR genotype G1 (44) were identified as spring planting drought resistant genotype. This genotype had the highest grain yield under stress and non-stress conditions was also high performance
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7874_da0b0a781eabef43312d74acd992a999.pdf
2013-09-01
1086
1093
Safflower genotypes
Stress tolerance index
drought tolerance
Biplot
Seyed Mehdi
Safavi
seyedmehdisafavi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyyed Saeid
Pourdad
2
Dry-land Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed
Afshin Safavi
3
Kermanshah agri-jahad organization, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Bannayan M, Nadjafi F, Azizi M, Tabrizi L, Rastgoo M (2008). Yield and seed quality of Plantago ovata and Nigella sativa under different irrigation treatments. Ind Crops Prod. 27: 11–16.
1
Bassil ES, Kaffka SR (2002a). Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to saline soils and irrigation I. Consumptive water use. Agr Water Manage. 54: 67–80.
2
Bassil ES, Kaffka SR (2002b). Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to saline soils and irrigation II. Crop response to salinity. Agr Water Manage. 54: 81–92.
3
Betran FJ, Beck D, Banziger M, Edmeades GO, (2003). Crop Sci, 43: 807-817.
4
Bruckner PL, Frohberg RC (1987). Rate and duration of grain fill in spring wheat. Crop Sci 27:451-455.
5
Byrne PF, Bolanos J, Edmeades GO, Eaton DL, (1995). Crop Sci, 35: 63-69.
6
Clarke JM, de Pauw RM, Townley-Smith TM (1992). Evaluation of methods for quantification of drought tolerance in wheat. Crop Sci 32:728-732.
7
Dehdari A (2003). Genetic analysis of salt tolerance in wheat crosses. Ph.D. thesis. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, 141 p.
8
Dordas CA, Sioulas C (2008) Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Ind Crops Prod. 27: 75–85.
9
Farshadfar E, Rasoli V, Teixeira da Silva JA, Farshadfar M, (2011). Aust J Crop Sci, 5 (7): 870-878.
10
Farshadfar E, Ghannadha M, Zahravi M, Sutka J, (2001). Acta Agron Hungarica, 49(1): 59-66.
11
Fernandez, GCJ. (1992). Effective selection criteria for assessing stress tolerance. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and Other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress Tolerance. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre, Taiwan, 257-270 p.
12
Fischer RA, Maurer R, (1978). Aust J Agric Res, 29: 897 – 912.
13
Gavuzzi P, Rizza F, Palumbo M, Campanile RG, Ricciardi GL, Borghi B (1997). Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Can J Plant Sci 77:523-531.
14
Kar G, Kumar A, Martha M (2007) Water use efficiency and crop coefficients of dry season oilseed crops. Agr Water Manage. 87: 73-82.
15
Khalili Mosavi A, Taghizadeh R, Khazaei H, Omidi Tabrizi A. H., J. on Plant Science Res, (2009), 13, 1.
16
Khayatnezhad M, Gholamin R, Jamaati-e-Somarin S, Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad R (2010). Study of drought tolerance of maize genotypes using the stress tolerance index. Am-Eur J Agricult Environ Sci 9:359-363.
17
Mitra J (2001). Genetics and genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants. Current Sci 80:758-762.
18
Pandey RK, Maranville JW, Admou A (2001). Tropical wheat response to irrigation and nitrogen in a Sahelian environment. I. Grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency. Eur J Agron. 15: 93–105.
19
Quiroga AR, Dı´az-Zorita M, Buschiazzo DE (2001). Safflower productivity as related to soil water storage and management practices in semiarid regions. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 32 (17 and 18):2851–2862.
20
Richards RA, Rebetzke GJ, Condon AG, Herwaarden AF (2002). Breeding opportunities for increasing the efficiency of water use and crop yield in temperate cereals. Crop Sci 42:111-121.
21
Rosielle AT, Hambelen J, (1981) Crop Sci, 21: 943–946.
22
Sio-Se Mardeh A, Ahmadi A, Poustini K, Mohammadi V (2006). Evaluation of drought resistance indices under various environmental conditions. Field Crops Res 98:222-229.
23
Shirani Rad AH, Abbasian A (2011). Evaluation of drought tolerance in winter rapeseed cultivars based on tolerance and sensitivity indices. Žemdirbystė Agricult 98:41-48.
24
Talebi R (2009). Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Gen Appl Plant Physiol 35:64-74.
25
Yau SK (2004). Safflower agronomic characters, yield and economic revenue in comparison with other rainfed crops in a highelevation, semiarid Mediterranean environment. Exp Agric. 40: 453–462.
26
Yousefi M (2004). Evaluation of selection efficiency for drought tolerant in wheat. M.Sc. Thesis. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, 109 p. (in Farsi).
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment the Effect of Kidney Internal Structure on Gamma Absorbed Dose of Radiopharmaceutical 111In-DTPA
Large quantities of radiopharmaceuticals prescribed for treatment and diagnosis are excreted through kidney. Therefore, radiation unwanted dose is created in kidney. As a result, exact calculation of prescribed radiopharmaceuticals amount is important. Monte Carlo method is used for simulation of radiation transport in body due to random nature of radiation. In this research, for the first time kidney is considered integrated and for the second time it is considered that it has three areas; gamma absorbed dose is calculated and compared in cortex and medulla kidney using MCNPX code to identify a more accurate way to prescribe radioisotope. The results showed that gamma absorbed dose in medulla is 2 times as much as dose in integrated kidney and gamma dose in cortex is about 62% as much as dose in integrated kidney. Internal structure of kidney should be considered in simulation to achieve a more accurate prescribed dose
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7877_fba52b64d475d8845cc6dbcc2040acd6.pdf
2013-09-01
1094
1100
Gamma absorbed dose
Cortex
111In
Medulla
Mohammad
Mirzaei
m.mirzaei@tvu.ac.ir
1
Physics department, Faculty of Shahid Chamran, Technical and Vocational University, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Blachot J (1996). LBNL Isotopes Project - LUNDS University. ،Table of Radioactive Isotopes. Version 2.1. The website: http://ie.lbl.gov/toi/nuclide.asp?iZA=490111
1
Bouchet LG, Bloch WE, Blanco HP, Wessels BW, Siegel JA, Rajon DA, Clairand I,Sgouros G (2003).
2
Absorbed Fractions and Radionuclide S Values for Six Age-Dependent Multiregion Models of the Kidney .MIRD PAMPHLET NO. 19.J Nucl Med :44:1113-1147.
3
Briesmeister JF (2000). MCNP A general Monte Carlo N-particle transport code, Version 4C, Los Alamos.
4
Cristy M, Eckerman KF (1987).specific absorbed fractions of energy at various ages from internal photon source.
5
ICRP,(1988). Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals.ICRP Publication 53.Ann.ICRP 18(1-4).
6
Kalantar Hormozi M, Nabipour I, Assadi M, Asadipouya K, Zendehboudi S, Ranjbar Omrani G. (2011).
7
Subclinical Hypothyroid. ISMJ; 14 (1):51-60.
8
Konijnenberg M, Melis M, Valkema R, Krenning E, Jong M (2007).Radiational dose distribution in human kidneys by octreotides in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. J Nucl Med; 48:134-142.
9
Los Alamos National Laboratory (2002).MCNPX Users manual. version 2.4.0.
10
Mansourbahmani M, Moussavi AH, Vakili A, Rezaie MR, Dehghan HR, Rezvan Najad E (2013). Study of Existing Radon In Milk and Its Effect on Body Organs. Int J Adv Biol Biom Res; 1(8): 802-812.
11
Mirzaei M, Mowlavi AA, Mirshekarpour H, Mohammadi S (2012). Absorbed dose calculation from gamma and gamma rays of I-131 in ellipsoidal thyroid and other organs of neck with MCNPX code, Iranian South Med J, 3:201-7.
12
Mirzaei M, Mirshekaipour H(2013a). Comparison of absorbed fraction of Gamma and Beta rays of I-124 and I-131radio-isotopes in thyroid gland with Monte Carlo Simulation. Int J Adv Biol Biom Res; 1(9):993-998.
13
Mirzaei M(2013b). Studying the effect of kidney internal structure on beta absorbed dose of radiopharmaceuticals Hg-203, Ho-166 and Y-90 using Monte Carlo. Int J Adv Biol Biom Res; 1(9):1040- 1046.
14
Mowlavi AA , Mokhtarinejad E (2006). Dose Calculation Due to a 125I Source Model 6711 and Determination of Its Dosimetry Parameters in Water and Soft Tissue Phantom, Iranain Journal of Medical Physics, Vol.3 ,No.12.
15
Mowlavi AA (2008).Monte Carlo Dose Calculation of 90Sr/90Y Source in Water Phantom, Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, Vol.5, No.1 (18-19).
16
Soniua M, Eman M, Magda SH, Ibrahem I, Esmat AA (2006). Monte carlo dose calculations for breast radiotherapy using co-60 gamma rays .Journal of Nuclear and radiation Physics 1[1]: 61-72.
17
Wessels BW, Konijnenberg MW, Dale RG, Breitz HB, Cremonesi M, Meredith AJ, Green AJ, Bouchet LG, Brill AB, Bloch WE, Sgouros G, Thomas S (2008). The Effect of Model Assumptions on Kidney Dosimetry and Response—Implications for Radionuclide Therapy.J Nucl Med 49:1884-1899.
18
Zarei M, Kalifzadeh F(2013). Effects of using radiation processing in nutrition science and their restriction: a review. Int J Adv Biol Biom Res; 1(3):222-231.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Shifting Mosaics in Semi-Steppe Rangelands Driven by Interactive Effect of Human Made Disturbances
Semi-steppe rangelands are a complex, highly dynamic and often multi-layered mosaic of grassland, shrubland, and intermediate communities. A few recent studies have explicitly or implicitly developed synthetic hypotheses about how interactive effects of human made disturbances initiate dynamic changes in plant community composition to cause a shifting mosaic of vegetation pattern across the landscape in rangeland ecosystems, yet to be tested in semi-steppe rangelands. The main goal of this study was to examine a conceptual model of plant community dynamic driven by the interactive effect of grazing and fire in semi-steppe rangelands in West-Iran. The study area includes shrubland, grassland and intermediate plant communities. Several patches within the study area were accidentally burned in 2006, 2008 and 2009. Burned patches were located along a gradient of animal grazing (from light to heavy grazing). We compared plant community composition and animal selections on burned and unburned patches (control) of each plant community. The results showed that if grazing intensity was low, a shift from shrublands to grasslands would be the observed pattern of community dynamics; otherwise with higher level of grazing intensity, change in vegetation structure caused by fire in shrublands was rather transient and this plant community returned to the former state of vegetation four years after the fire. We also observed a higher animal selection on recently burned areas compared to previously burned patches, a pattern that was the resulted of a series of positive and negative feedbacks in forage quality created by selective animal foraging behaviour. The results indicate that the effect of fire on plant community dynamics in semi-steppe rangeland is controlled by grazing intensity and the local changes in plant composition within each community. Both determinants cause a cyclical process of vegetation succession. Vegetation patterns represent the various states of recovery in vegetation and introduces a specific landscape composition in which each scrubland, grassland and intermediate vegetation patch can be described as part of a shifting mosaic process at landscape scale
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7878_53fdbc04829d69f3238d7b0a251bef86.pdf
2013-09-01
1101
1111
Cyclical process of succession
Plant community composition and dynamics
Semi-steppe rangelands
Shifting mosaics
Pejman
tahmasebi Kohyani
pejman.tahmasebi@nres.sku.ac.ir
1
Assistant professor,Department of Range and Watershed Mangement,Faculty of Natural Resource and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, Po. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yousef
askari
2
Ph.D student of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Adler, P.B., Raff ,D.A., Lauenroth, W.K. (2001). The effect of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. Oecologia 128:465–479.
1
Archer, S., Boutton, T.W., Hibbard, K.A. (2001). Trees in grasslands: biogeochemical consequences of woody plant expansion. In: Schulze E-D, Heimann M, Harrison S, et al. (Eds). Global biogeochemical cycles in the climate system. SanDiego, CA: Academic Press.
2
Belsky, A.J. (1992). Effects of grazing, competition, disturbance and fire on species composition and diversity in grassland communities. Journal of Vegetation Science, 3: 187-200.
3
Breshears D.D. (2006). The grassland–forest continuum: trends in ecosystem properties for woody plantmosaics? Front Ecol Environ. 4(2): 96–104.
4
Briggs, J.M., Knapp, A.K., Brock, B.L. (2002). Expansion of woody plants in tallgrass prairie: a 15-year study of fire and fire–grazing interactions. Am Midl Nat 147:287–294.
5
Callaway, R.M., Davis, F.W. (1993). Vegetation dynamics, fire and the physical environment in coastal central California. Ecology, 74: 1567-1578.
6
Collins, S.L. (1992). Fire frequency and community heterogeneity in tallgrass prairie: a field experiment. Ecology, 73, 2001–2006.
7
Collins, S.L. (2000). Disturbance frequency and community stability in native tallgrass prairie. American Naturalist, 155, 311–325.
8
Coppedge, B.R., Shaw, J.H. (1998). Bison grazing patterns on seasonally burned tallgrass prairie. Journal of Range Management, 51, 258–264.
9
Coppedge, B.R., Engle, D.M., Toepfer, C.S., Shaw, J.H. (1998). Effects of seasonal fire, bison grazing and climatic variation on tallgrass prairie vegetation. Plant Ecology, 139, 235–246.
10
Eiswerth, M.E., Shonkwiler, J.S., 2006. Examining post-wildfire reseeding on arid rangeland: a multivariate tobit modelling approach. Ecological Modelling 192: 286–298.
11
Fuhlendorf, S.D., Engle, D.M. (2001). Restoring heterogeneity on rangelands: ecosystem management based on evolutionary grazing patterns. Bioscience, 51:625–632.
12
Fuhlendorf, S.D., Smeins, F.E. (1997). Long-term vegetation dynamics mediated by herbivores, weather and fire in a Juniperus–Quercus savanna. Journal of Vegetation Science, 8, 819–828.
13
Fuhlendorf, S.D, Engle, D.M. (2004). Application of the fire–grazing interaction to restore shifting mosaic on tallgrass prairie. Journal of AppliedEcology ,41: 604–614.
14
Ghermandi, L., Guthmann, N., Bran, D., Collins, B. (2004). Early post-fire succession in northwestern Patagonia grasslands, Journal of Vegetation Science, 15(1): 67–76.
15
Hartnett, D.C., Hickman, K.R., Fischer-Walter, L.E. (1996). Effects of bison grazing, fire, and topography on floristic diversity in tallgrass prairie. Journal of Range Management, 49, 413–420.
16
Haubensak, K., D’Antonio C., Wixon, D. (2009). Effects of fire and environmental variables on plant structure and composition in grazed salt desert shrublands of the Great Basin (USA). Journal of Arid
17
Environments 73: 643–650.
18
Hobbs, N.T., Schimel, D.S., Owensby, C.E., Ojima, D.S. (1991). Fire and grazing in the tallgrass prairie: contingent effect on nitrogen budgets. Ecology 72: 1374-1382.
19
House J,I., Archer S, Breshears D.D., Scholes, R.D. (2003). Conundrums in mixed woody–herbaceous plant systems. J Biogeogr 30: 1763–77.
20
Kerby, J.D, Fuhlendorf, S.D., Engle, D.M. (2007). Landscape heterogeneity and fire behavior: scaledependent feedback between fire and grazing processes. Landscape ecology, 22:507–516.
21
Knight T.M., Holt R.D. (2005). Fire generates spatial gradients in herbivory: an example from a Florida sandhill ecosystem. Ecology 86:587–593.
22
Landsberg, J., James, C.D., Morton, S.R., Muller, W.J., Stol, J. (2003). Trends in abundance and composition of plant species along grazing gradients in Australian rangelands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 1025–1034.
23
Maccune, B., Grace, J. (2002). Analysis of Ecological Communities. MjM Software Design.
24
Mark, A.F. (1994). Effects of grazing and burning on sustainable utilisation of upland snow tussock (Chionochloaspp.) rangelands for pastoralism in south Island, New Zealand. Aust. J. Bot. 42: 149-161.
25
McIntyre, S., Heard, K.M., Martin, T.G. (2003). The relative importance of cattle grazing in subtropical grasslands: does it reduce or enhance plant biodiversity? Journal of AppliedEcology, 40, 445–457.
26
Milchunas, D.G., Lauenroth, W.K. (1993). Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecological Monograph, 63: 327-366.
27
Noy-Meir, I. (1995).Interactive effects of fire and grazing on structure and diversity of Mediterranean grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science, 6: 701-710.
28
Olff, H., Vera, F.W.M., Bokdam, J., Bakker E.S., Gleichman, M., De Maeyer, K., Smit, R. (1999).
29
Shifting mosaics in grazed woodlands driven by the alternation of plant facilitation and competition. Plant Biology 1: 127-137.
30
Payranj, J. 2010. Determination of rangeland production using Geographical information system and remote sensing. Ms.c thesis, Sharekord University.
31
Pickett S., Cadenasso, M.L. (1995). Landscape ecology: spatial heterogeneity in ecological systems. Science 269: 331–34.
32
Ramos-Neto, M.B., Pivello, V.R., (2000). Lighting fires in a Brazilian Savanna National Park: rethinking management strategies. Environmental Management, 26: 675-684.
33
Ricklefs, R.E., (1990). Ecology. W.H. Freeman Company, New York.
34
Ritchie, M.E., Tilman, D., Knops, J.M.H., (1998). Herbivore effects on plant and nitrogen dynamics in oak savanna. Ecology 79, 165–177.
35
Shokri, M. Safaian, N., Atrakchali A. (2002). Investigation of the Effects of Fire on Vegetation Variations in Takhti Yeylagh-Golestan National Prak, Iranian Journal of Natural Resource, 55(2): 273-281.
36
Tahmasebi Kohyani, P., Bossuyt, B., Bonte, D., Hoffmann, M. (2008). Importance of grazing and soil acidity for plant community composition and trait characterisation in grasslands. Applied Vegetation Science 11: 179-186.
37
Tahmasebi Kohyani, P., Bossuyt, B., Bonte, D., Hoffmann, M. (2011). Grazing impact on plant spatial distribution and community composition. Plant Ecology and Evolution, 144: 19-28.
38
Tahmasebi Kohyani, P. (2009). Analysis of rangeland ecosystems, Pelk Publication, 270 pp.
39
Van Auken O.W. (2000). Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands. Annu Rev Ecol Syst
40
31: 197–215.
41
Vinton, M.A., Hartnett, D.C., Finck, E.J., Briggs, J.M. (1993). Interactive effects of fire, bison (Bison bison) grazing, and plant community composition in tallgrass prairie. American Midland Naturalist, 129, 10–18.
42
Whelan, R.J. (1995). The ecology of fire. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
AMMI Analysis of Wheat Substitution Lines for Detecting Genes Controlling Adaptability
To locate the genes controlling adaptability in bread wheat using AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) model, twenty-one substitution lines derived from the parents Chinese Spring (recipient) and Chayan (donor) were used in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three different environments in the Agricultural College of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. The results of AMMI analysis indicated significant differences among all sources of variation except AMMI2. AMMI1 explained that 84% of the variability related to genotype × environment interaction. The chromosomes 7A, 2B, 3A, 7D and 4B had the highest grain yield, and chromosomes 4D, 2A, 4A and 5A lowest. AMMI stability value (ASV) ranked chromosomes 5B > 3B > 3A > 6A as the most stable, and 2A > 4A > 7A as unstable. AMMI1 biplot analysis revealed that Chromosomes 3B, 5B and 5D had high stability and medium mean grain yield, whereas the chromosome with both low yield and stability were 2A, 4A, 5A and 4D. The chromosomes 3A, 4B, 7D followed by 2B, were identified as chromosomes with both high yield and stability performance in different environments. Chromosomes 2A and 4A with large AMMI1 score also showed specific adaptability with environment E2, chromosomes 5A and 4D with environment E3, while chromosome 7A with environment E1. The findings indicated that most of the genes controlling adaptability were located on chromosomes 3A in A genome, 4B and 2B in B genome and 7D in D genome, and also chromosomes 2A, 4A, 5A and 4D carried the genes controlling specific adaptability to water stress condition, while the genes responsible for adaptation to irrigated condition were located on chromosome 7A
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7875_3ff130efd3d2cbf6399209a0e3405b8b.pdf
2013-09-01
1112
1123
Adaptability
AMMI model
Grain yield
Substitution lines
Wheat
Elham
Amiri
1
Department of Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Ezatollah
Farshadfar
e_farshadfar@yahoo.com
2
Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Mahdi
Jowkar
3
Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmadi, J., Vaezi, B., Fotokian, M. H. (2012). Graphical analysis of multi-environment trials for barley yield using AMMI and GGE-biplot under rain-fed conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding, 2(1): 43–54.
1
Bai, Z. Y., Li, C. D., Feng, L. X., Sun, H. C. (2007). Chromosomal location for drought tolerance as measured by cell membrane stability of common wheat cv. synthetic 6x. Acta Agriculture Boreal-Sinica, 22: 1–4.
2
Bayoumi, T. Y., Eid, M. H., Metwali, E. M. (2008). Application of physiological and biochemical indices as a screening technique for drought tolerance in wheat genotypes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(14): 2341–2352.
3
Burdon, R. D. (1977). Genetic correlation as a concept for studying genotype-environment interaction in forest tree breeding. Silvae Genetica, 26: 168–175.
4
Cao, H. X., Zhang, Z. B., Sun, C. X., Shao, H. B., Song, W. Y., Xu, P. (2009). Chromosomal location of traits associated with wheat seedling water and phosphorus use efficiency under different water and phosphorus stresses. International Journal of Molecular Science, 10: 4116–4136.
5
Crossa, J. (1990) Statistical analysis of multilocation trials. Advances in Agronomy, 44: 55–85.
6
Delacy, I. H., Basford, K. E., Cooper, M., Bull, J. K. (1996). Analysis of multi-environment trials an historical perspective. Plant Adaptation and Crop Improvement. Eds. M. Cooper and G. L. Hammer.
7
CAB international, UK
8
Eberhart, S. A., Russell, W. A. (1966). Stability parameters for comparing varieties. Crop Science, 6: 36–40.
9
Farshadfar, E. (1999). Path analysis genotype × environment effects interaction in wheat substitution lines. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 30 (4): 665–671.
10
Farshadfar, E., Sutka, J. (2003). Locating QTLs controlling adaptation in wheat using AMMI model. Creal Research Communication, 31: 249–254.
11
Farshadfar, E. (2011). Choromosomal localization of the genes controlling adaptation in Agropyron elongatum using a new AMMI–base simultaneous selection index of yield and yield stability. International Journal of Plant Breeding, 5(2): 80–83.
12
Farshadfar, E., Mahmodi, N., Yaghotipoor, A. (2011). AMMI stability value and simultaneous estimation of yield and yield stability in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(13): 1837–1844.
13
Farshadfar, E., Mohammadi, M., Aghaee, M., Vaisi, Z. (2012a). GGE biplot analysis of genotype × environment interaction in wheat-barley disomic addition lines. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(6):1074–1079.
14
Farshadfar, E., Safari, H., Jamshidi, B. (2012b). GGE biplot analysis of adaptation in wheat substitution lines. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science, 4(13): 877–881.
15
Farshadfar, E., Poursiahbidi, M. M., Safavi, S. M. (2013a). Assessment of drought tolerance in land races of bread wheat based on resistance/ tolerance indices. International journal of Advanced Biological and
16
Biomedical Research,1 (2): 143-158.
17
Farshadfar, E., Romena, H., Shabani, A. (2013b). Evaluation of genetic parameters in agro- physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under irrigated condition. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research,1 (4): 331-340.
18
Farshadfar, E., Mahtabi, E., Jowkar, M. M. (2013c). Evaluation of genotype × environment interaction in chickpea genotypes using path analysis. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical
19
Research,1 (6): 583-593.
20
Finlay, K. W., Wilkinson, G. N. (1963). The analysis of adaptation in a plant breeding programme. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 14: 742–754.
21
Gauch, H. G. (1992). Statistical analysis of regional yield trials: AMMI analysis of factorial designs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlans
22
Gauch, H. G., Zobel, R. W. (1997). Identifying mega-environments and targeting genotypes. Crop Science, 37: 311–326
23
Golestani, S., Assad, M. T. (1998). Evaluation of four screening techniques for drought resistance and their relationship to yield reduction ratio in wheat. Euphytica, 103: 293–299.
24
Lin, C. S., Binns, M. R., Lefkovitch, L. P. (1986) Stability analysis: Where do we stand? Crop Science, 26: 894– 900.
25
Mohammadi, R., Abdulahi, A., Haghparast, R., Armion, M. (2007). Interpreting genotype- environment interactions for durum wheat grain yields using non-parametric methods. Euphytica, 157: 239–251.
26
Mohammadi, R., Amri, A. (2008). Comparison of parametric and non–parametric methods for selecting stable and adapted durum wheat genotypes in variable environments. Euphytica, 159: 419–432.
27
Morgan, M. (1991). A gene controlling difference in osmoregulation in wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18: 249–257.
28
Morgan, J. M., Tan, M. K. (1996). Chromosomal location of a wheat osomregulation gene using RFLP analysis. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 23: 803–806.
29
Naroui Rad, R., Abdul Kadir, M., Hawa, Z. E. J., Gement, D. C. (2012). Physiological and biochemical relationship under drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(7): 1574–1578.
30
Perkins, J. M., Jinks, J. L. (1968). Environmental and genotype-environmental interactions and physical measures of the environment. Heredity, 25: 29–40.
31
Purchase, J. L., Hatting, H., Vandeventer, C. S. (2000). Genotype × environment interaction of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in South Africa: Π. Stability analysis of yield performance. South African Journal of Plant Soil, 17:101–107.
32
Shukla, G. K. (1972). Some statistical aspects of partitioning genotype-environmental components of variability. Heredity, 29: 237–245.
33
Voltas, J., Van, E. F., Igartua, E., García del Moral, L. F., Molina-Cano, J. L., Romagosa, I. (2002).
34
Genotype by environment interaction and adaptation in barley breeding: Basic concepts and methods of analysis. The Harworth Press Inc., New York, pp. 205–241.
35
Yamada, Y. (1962). Genotype × environment interaction and genetic correlation of the same trait under different environments. Japan Journal of Genetics, 37: 498–509.
36
Yan, W. (2002). Singular value partitioning in biplot analysis of multienvironment trial data. Agronomy Journal, 94: 990–996.
37
Yan, W., Hunt, L. A. (2001). Interpretation of genotype × environment interaction for winter wheat yield in Ontario. Crop Science, 41: 19–25.
38
Yan, W., Kang, M. S. (2003). GGE biplot analysis: a graphical tool for breeders, geneticists and agronomists. 1st Edn., CRC Press LLC., Boca Roton, Florida, pp 271.
39
Yan, W., Rajcan, I. (2002). Biplot analysis of test sites and trait relations of soybean in Ontario. Crop Science, 42: 11–20.
40
Zhang, Z. B., Shan, L., Xu, Q. (2000). Background analysis of genes controlling water use efficiency of Triticum. Acta Genetica Sinica, 3: 240–246.
41
Zhang, J., Zhang, Z. B., Xie, H. M., Dong, B. D., Hu, M. Y., Xu. P. (2005). Chromosomal positioning of the genes of water use efficiency and concerned physiological traits in wheat leaves. Acta Botanica Boreal Occident Sinica, 25: 1521–1527.
42
Zobel, R. W., Wright, M. J., Gauch, H. G. (1988) Statistical analysis of a yield trial. Agronomy Journal, 80: 388–39.
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oils From the Leaves, Flowers and Seeds of TAGETS MINUTA L. bY GC/MS
Tagetes is a genus of 56 species of annual and perennial mostly herbaceous plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae or Compositae).In this research our goal was recognizing the main components of the plant to extract useful ones. Essential oils of the leaves, seeds and flowers of Tagets minuta L., growing wild in Iran, were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Identification of the constituents of the oils was done by comparison of their mass spectra and retention indices with those given in the literature and the authentic samples. Twenty-six components were identified in the essential oils of the investigated organs. The main components extracted from the leaf oils were dihydrotageton (45.9%), cis-β-ocimene (11.9%) and borneol (11.1%), and those of the seed oils included dihydrotagetone (21.0%) and benzoic acid-4-hydroxy-methyl ester (33.5%).Also, trans-ocimenone (27.0%), cis-β-ocimene (26.0%) and cis-ocimenone (17.6%) were the major constituents in the flower oils
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7876_7b5ecca48e533d75c14648e158d58cfd.pdf
2013-09-01
1124
1128
Tagetes minuta L
Hydro distillation
Dihydrotagetone
essential oil
Trans-Ocimene
cis-β-Ocimene
GC/MS
Mehran
Moradalizadeh
mo_mehran@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Moein
Mehrabpanah
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Salajeghe
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoud
Nayebli
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Adams, R.P., (2004). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Crop; Carol Stream, IL, 61-285. chromatography/Quadruple
1
Chamorro, E.R., Ballerini, G., Sequeira, A.F., Velasco, G.A., Zalazar, M.F. ,(2008).Chemical composition of essential oil from Tagetes minuta L. leaves and flowers. J. Argent. Chem. Soc., 96 (1-2),80-86.
2
EL-Deeb, K.S., Abbas, F.A., El Fishawy, A., Mossa, S.J., (2004). Chemical composition of the essential oil of Tagetes minuta L. growing in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutics. J., 12(1): 51-53.
3
Massada, Y., (1976). Analysis of Essential oils by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons Inc; New York.
4
Meshkatalsadat, M., Safaei-Ghomi, J., Moharramipour, S., Nasseri, M., (2010). Chemical characterization of volatile components of Tagetes minuta L. cultivated in southwest of Iran by nano scale injection. Dig. J. Nanometer. Bios, 5(1): 101-106.
5
Senatore, F., A-H Mohamed M., Harris, P.J.C., Henderson, J., (2004). Antibacterial activity of Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) essential oils with different chemical compositions. Flavor Fragrance. J., 19: 574-
6
Shahzadi, I., Hassan, A., W Khan, U., Maroof Shah, M., (2010). Evaluating biological activities of the seed extracts from Tagetes minuta L. found in Northern Pakistan. J. Med. Plants. Res., 420: 2108-2112.
7
Soule, J.A., (1996). Infrageneric systematic of Tagetes. In Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference: 1994; kew. , Edited by Hind D.J.N. and Beentje H.J., 1: 435-443.
8
Soule, J.A., (1993). Tagetes minuta L. A potential new herb from South America. In Proceedings of the New Crops Conference: 1993; Edited by Janick J & Simon J E 649-654 in New Crops.
9
Van Den Dool, H., Kratz, P.D., (1963). A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. J. Chromatography A, 11: 463-471.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Scrutiny of Feasibility of Implementation for Underground Dam in the Margin of Desert for Land Farming (Case Study, Kerman (Ravar) Underground Dam)
Agricultural droughts are droughts that affect the crop production or the ecology of a region. Ravar city that is located in margin of desert and the north of Kerman province is one of these areas. Due to the existence of enough underground water that entrance to desert and high evaporation to improving agricultural and cultivar activities, it needed to study the construction of underground dam in Ravar area. Therefore in order to (sake) controlling the subsurface flow that entrance to desert in west of Ravar city that is arid for cultivar agriculture, a site in the margin of desert in space of ten kilometers in the north of Kerman province (Ravar city) has selected and the needed studies has done in several step. At first the physiographic, hydrology, climatology, social economics and engineering geology study has done and the result shows the need of supplementary study. In second the geophysics study has done for Assessment of alluvial thickness and bed rock depths. in the third step the geotechnics activities for Assessment of exact depth of bed rock ,ground water table and sampling for field and laboratory testing in order to ( sake) Assessment of physical and mechanical specifics. In fourth step the pumpage test has done Assessment of hydrodynamics coefficient such as (T and S). At finally the design and executive of subsurface dam with the modern methods has done and the result of monitoring shows than the dam has constructed very successfully with positive effects to ground water flows
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7879_c77caa5923f1d74eff137442918f1b2f.pdf
2013-09-01
1129
1141
Underground Dam
Subsurface flow
Collecting well
Ravar city
desert
Land farming
Alireza
Karimzadeh
karimzadeh1351@yahoo.com
1
Technical and vocational university, Agriculture institute of Rezvan, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Aminizadeh Bazanjani
2
Doctorial Student in the field of Engineer Geology in Ferdosi University of Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Aminizadeh, M. R. (1998). Kahnooj Underground Dam, an Appropriate Pattern for Decreasing the Drought Effects, 1st National Conference of Studying the Confrontation Methods with Drought. pp, 509-519.
1
Gupta, R. N., Mukhergee, K. P. and Singh, B. (1987). Design of underground artificial dams for mine water storage, International Journal of Mine Water, Vol.6, pp. 1-14.
2
Lea, A., Kampanart, M. and Kriengsak, S. (2005). Approachability of subsurface dams in the northeast Thailand. International Conference on Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina (GEOINDO 2005), 28-30 November 2005, Khon Kaen, Thailand. pp. 149-155.
3
Eiichi, A., Motol, K., Satoshi, I.T., Masayuki, A. (2003). Construction of subsurface dams and their impact on the environment. Materials and geoenvironment, Vol.50, pp.149-152.
4
Todd, D. K. (1980).Groundwater Hydrology, second edition.
5
Raghunath, H. M. (1987).Ground Water, second edition.
6
Ishida. S, Moto. K, .Fazal. M.A., Takeo. T and Masayuki. I., Construction of subsurface dams and their impact on the environment.
7
Thomas. E, .1988. Artificial ground- water recharge by mean of subsurface dams.
8
Nilson, A. (2003). Underground Water Dams for Providing Water in the Small scale.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New Approach for Removal of Total Hardness ( Ca2+, Mg2+ ) from Water Using Commercial Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogel Beads, Study and Application
Adsorption and water treatment of Ca (II) and Mg (II) hardness were investigated via adsorption of metal ions onto commercial polyacrylic acid hydrogel beads as a novel sorbent for metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+) removal and water treatment. Batch equilibrium technique was carried out under the influence of solution pH, contact time, sorbent dosage, initial metal concentration and competitive study. The maximum metal ions capacity (Ca2+, Mg2+) values were identified as 171.2 and 193.6, respectively. Sorption equilibrium was established in 24 hr and the data were described by both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The potential application of this sorbent for water treatment and metal ions removal from water samples is successfully accomplished
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_7883_4b77372117d32a21b39662c8087b72fc.pdf
2013-09-01
1142
1156
Removal
Polyacrylic acid
Hydrogel bead
New approach
Ahmed Mahdi
Saeed
mohammedlord2003@yahoo.com
1
Department of chemistry, College of science, University of Wasit, Iraq
AUTHOR
Mohammad Jassim
Hamzah
2
Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, College of pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Iraq
AUTHOR
Park, J.S., Song, J.H., Yeon, K.H. and Moon, S.H., (2007). Removal of hardness ions from tap water using electromembrane processes. Desalination, 202, pp. 1-8.
1
Schroeder, H.A., Nason, A.P. and Tipton, I.H., (1969). Essential metals in man: magnesium, J. Chron. Dis. 21, pp. 815-841.
2
Akyilmaz, E. and Kozgus, O., (2009). Determination of calcium in milk and water samples by using catalase enzyme electrode, Food Chem. 115, pp. 347-351.
3
Cáceres, E., Garcia, M. L. and Selgas, M. D., (2006). Design of a new cooked metal sausage enriched with calcium, Meat Sci. 73, pp. 368-377.
4
Yang, C. Y. and Chiu, H.F., (1998). Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from rectal cancer, Int. J. Cancer 77, pp.528-537.
5
Yang, C. Y., Chiu, H. F., Cheng, B. H., Hsu, T. Y., Cheng, M.F. and Wu, T.N., (2000). Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from breast cancer, J. Environ. Health 60, pp. 231- 245.
6
Graber, T. W., Yee, A.S. and Baker, F.J., (1981). Magnesium: physiology, clinical disorders and therapy, Annals of Emergency Medicine 10, pp. 49-57.
7
Kai Zeppenfeld, (2011). Electrochemical removal of calcium and magnesium ions from aqueous solutions, Desalination 277, pp.99-105.
8
Mary, A. Arugula, Kristen, S. Brastad, Shelley D. Minteer and Zhen He, (2012). Enzyme catalyzed electricity-driven water softening system, Enzyme and Microbial Technology 51, pp.396-401.
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