ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of plant diversity in the Northern Zagros forest (Case study: Marivan region)
Silvicultural operation need to notice the species diversity. To this study Gomarlang district in marivan region, northern zagros forest was selected. In this study 30 circle sample plots (500 m2) were collected by random method. In every sample plot the kind of species and number of trees and shrub were recorded. In the sample plots the micro plots of 5 m by 5 m (i.e. area of 25 m2) were designed and Herbaceous and shrub information was recorded then. Species diversity indexes including Shannon Wiener (H׳), Simpson (1-D) and Margaleff (R1) were used to evaluate plant diversity in each sample plot. Data analyzing was done by Past and Ecological Methodological software's. Results showed that 8 tree species, 8 shrub species and 64 herb species observed in the site study. The plant species that identified in the studied region belonged to 16 trees and shrub species in 9 families. Overall results showed that the presence of 80 plant species in the study area indicates the high biodiversity in the Northern Zagros forest and herbaceous layer had the highest richness, evenness and diversity.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_6563_a821131fc23634db4bec13ff7993a6ab.pdf
2013-01-01
1
10
Northern zagros
Marivan
Gomarlang
species diversity
Tree
Shrub
Herb
Maziar
Haidari
1
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dorna
Rezaei
2
M.Sc. Student of Forestry, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Aubert M, Alard D, Bureau F, 2004. . Diversity of plant Assemblages in managed temperate forests: a case study in Normandy (France), Forest Ecol Manag, 175, 321-337.
1
Baev PV, Penev LD, BIODIV. Program for calculating biological diversity parameters, similarity, niche overlap.
2
Ardakani MR. 2004, Ecology. Tehran University Press, 340.
3
Bazyar M, Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, 2013. Impact of physiographical factors on the plant species diversity in the Northern Zagros Forest (Case study, Kurdistan Province, Marivan region), Annals of Biological Research, 4 (1):317-324.
4
Eftekhari T, Ramezani M, 2004. Introduction to Plant Biodiversity in Iran. In: Biodiversity and Medicinal Plant Wealth of South Asian Countries (Eds), National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India, 39-40.
5
Fattahi M, 1994. Study on Zagros oak forests and the most important their destruction causes, Institute of Forests and Rangelands Research press, Sanandaj, Iran.
6
Ghazanfari H, Namiranian M, Sobhani H, MarviMohajer M.R, 2004. Traditional forest management and its application to encourage public participation for sustainable forest management in the northern Zagros mountain of Kurdistan province, Iran, Scandinavian Journal of forest science, 19, 65-71.
7
Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Bazyar M, 2012. Structural diversity of oak forests in Kurdistan Province (Case study: Oak forest), IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 4(3): 37-43.
8
Haidari M, Jalilvand H, Haidari R.H, Shabanian N, 2012. Study of Plant Biodiversity in Grazed and Non-grazed Areas in the Iran-o-Turanian Ecological Zones (Case Study: Yazd Province, IRAN), Annals of Biological Research, 3 (11):5019-5027.
9
Hosseini S.A. O, Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Fathizadeh O, 2012. The impact of single selection method logging on the tree and shrub diversity in the Hyrcanian forests, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2 (6):2229-2237.
10
Haidari M, Namiranian M, Gahramani L, Zobeiri M, Shabanian N, 2013. Study of vertical and horizontal forest structure in Northern Zagros Forest (Case study: West of Iran, Oak forest), European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1):268-278.
11
Jazirehi MH, Rostaghi EM, 2003. Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 520p.
12
Magurran A.E, 1988.Ecological diversity and measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 354p.
13
Mirdavoodi HR, Zahedi Pour H, 2006. Determination of suitable species diversity model for Meghan playa plant association and effect of some ecological factors on diversity change. Pajuhesh & Sazandegi j, 68, 56-65.
14
Peet R.K, 1974. The measurement of species diversity. Ann. Rev. Ecol, Systematics 5,285-307.
15
Pourbabaei H; Navgran S, 2011. Study on floristic and plant species diversity in the Lebanon oak (Quercus libani) site, Chenareh, Marivan, Kordestan Province, western Iran Biocenose Journal, 3 (1), 15-22.
16
Schuler A, 1998. Sustainability and biodiversity – forest historical notes on two main concerns of environmental utilization, Assessment of Biodiversity for Improved Forest Planning, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 353-360.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of different sampling method to study of tree density (tree/hectare) in the Zagros forest
For maintaining of Zagros forests role in wild life, water and soil conservation, the suitable solutions and methods for assessing the existing conditions and planning for management of this forests should be given. To detection of suitable sampling method to study tree density in the northern Zagros forest, Blake forest, in Baneeh region, Kurdistan province, and west of Iran was selected. 40 square sample plots one hectare (100×100 m) were selected and perfect inventoried. In every sample plot the position of tree, kind of species and number of species were recorded. In order to study of tree density (tree/ha) different sampling methods (rectangular sample with 20×50 m and 10×50, random sampling method with 40, 50 and 60 circle sample plots which everyone was 1000 m2) compered the prefect inventory. To determination of suitable sampling for study of tree density used the %E2 ×T indexes. To compere the tree parameter in the every sampling methods and perfect inventory used the t-test analysis. Data analyzing was done by SPSS16 software’s. Results showed that the rectangular sample with 20×50 m sample methods was the best methods and have maximum of accuracy. Overall results showed that the rectangular sample with 20×50 m sampling methods was (have minimum of time and %E2×T criteria) the suitable methods to study of density (tree/ hectare). Authors suggested to study of tree density (tree/hectare) in the northern zagros forest used the rectangular sample with 20×50 m sampling methods.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_6564_180ee076e27a0558e86e0a37772f5808.pdf
2013-01-01
11
17
kurdestan province
sample methods
Tree density northern zagros forest
Maziar
Haidari
1
M. Sc. Graduate of forestry, Department of forestry, University of Tehran, Karaj, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Manocher
Namiranian
2
Professor of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, karaj, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Zobeiri
3
Professor of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, karaj, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Loghman
Ghahramany
4
Assistant professor of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Heidari R.H, Zobeiri M, Namiranian M, Sobhani H, 2009. Comparison of circular plot and transect sampling methods in the Zagros Oak Forests (Case study: Educational and research forest of Razi University, Kermanshah province). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 17(3):358-368.
1
Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Bazyar M, 2012. Structural diversity of oak forests in Kurdistan Province (Case study: Oak forest), IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 4(3): 37-43.
2
Haidari M, Jalilvand H, Haidari R.H, Shabanian N, 2012. Study of Plant Biodiversity in Grazed and Non-grazed Areas in the Iran-o-Turanian Ecological Zones (Case Study: Yazd Province, IRAN), Annals of Biological Research, 3 (11):5019-5027.
3
Hosseini S.A. O, Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Fathizadeh O, 2012. The impact of single selection method logging on the tree and shrub diversity in the Hyrcanian forests, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2 (6):2229-2237.
4
Haidari M, Namiranian M, Gahramani L, Zobeiri M, Shabanian N, 2013. Study of vertical and horizontal forest structure in Northern Zagros Forest (Case study: West of Iran, Oak forest), European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1):268-278.
5
Karamshahi A, Zobeiri M, Namiranian M, Feghhi J, 2012. Investigation on application of k-nn (k- nearest neighbor) sampling method in Zagros forests (Case study: Karzan forest, Ilam), Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(4): 452-465.
6
Magurran, A.E. (1988). Ecological Diversity and its Measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton, U.S.A.
7
Naghavi H, Fallah A, Jalilvand H, Soosani J, 2009. Determinations of the most appropriate transect length for estimation of quantitative characteristics in Zagros forests, Iranian Journal of Forest, 1(3): 228-238.
8
Nimvari J.E, Zobeiri M, Sobhani H, Zangeneh H. P, 2002. A Comparison of Randomized-Systematic Sampling with Circle Shape Plot and Transect Method, Based on Precision and Cost, (Case Study in Sorkhedizeh of Kermanshah, Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 12(2):122-134.
9
Pourbabaei H; Navgran S, 2011. Study on floristic and plant species diversity in the Lebanon oak (Quercus libani) site, Chenareh, Marivan, Kordestan Province, western Iran Biocenose Journal, 3 (1), 15-22.
10
Peet R.K, 1974. The measurement of species diversity. Ann. Rev. Ecol, Systematics 5,285-307.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of tree regeneration in the grazed and non-grazed areas in the Iran-o-Turanian Ecological Zones
Regeneration and forest durability guarantee is one of the most important aspects of forest sustainability and it should be placed in forest plans priority. To compare regeneration in the two grazed and non-grazed forest, Baghe-shady forest located in Khatam city (it has the preservative regions that they are 20 years old), Yazd province, Central of Iran was selected. For this purpose, 60 sample plots (30 plots in the grazed and 30 plots in the non-grazed area) were sampled by a randomized-systematic method with 100 m2 square plots (10×10 m) in the Net 100×200 meters were sampled. In every sample plot recorded regeneration and health condition. T-test was used to analysis of mean regeneration differences between grazed and non-grazed area. To analysis data use the SPSS16 software. Results showed the mean of sound seedlings of almond, pistachio and Monpollier maple in the non-grazed region were more than grazed region. These results indicated that non-grazed region more preference than grazed region. Regeneration in non-grazed region was less than grazed region. T-test indicated significant difference between non-grazed and grazed region for sound and height seedlings. Overall results showed that the grazing have a negative effects on regeneration. To manage of this forest authors suggested that continue preservative plans (non-grazed area) and provide foliage for cattle.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_6566_9d18c9ef9404972ab23688a717255bcf.pdf
2013-01-01
18
24
Iran
Yazd Province
Bagh-shadi forest
regeneration
Grazed and non-grazed area
Maziar
Haidari
1
M. Sc. Graduate of forestry, Department of forestry, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Etemad
2
Assistant professor of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Esmaeil
Khosropour
3
Ph.D. Student of forestry, Department of forestry, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Alijanpour A, Zobeiri M, Marvi Mohajer M.R, Zargham N, Feghhi J, 2004. A Comparison of Forest Stand Quantitative Factors in Protected and No protected Areas in Arasbaran Forests, Iranian J. Natural Res, 57(3): 447-453.
1
Asner GP, Elmore EJ, Olander LP, Martin RE, Harris TA, 2004, Rev. Environ Resour, 29: 261–299.
2
Dastmalchi M, 1998. Investigation compatibility experimental of tree species Ardabil province, Jangal and Senoubar J. Inst, For, Ranglands Res, NO.203: 168.
3
Ghanbari Sharafeh A, Marvie Mohajer M.R, Zobeiri M, 2010. Natural regeneration of Yew in Arasbaran forests, Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18(3): 379-389.
4
Haidari M, Jalilvand H, Haidari R.H, Shabanian N, 2012. Study of Plant Biodiversity in Grazed and Non grazed Areas in the Iran-o-Turanian Ecological Zones (Case Study: Yazd Province, IRAN), Annals of Biological Research, 3 (11):5019-5027.
5
Haidari M, Namiranian M, Gahramani L, Zobeiri M, Shabanian N, 2013. Study of vertical and horizontal forest structure in Northern Zagros Forest (Case study: West of Iran, Oak forest), European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1):268-278.
6
Huntly N, 1991. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems, Annu RevEcol Syst, 22, 477–503.
7
Hosseini S.A. O, Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Fathizadeh O, 2012. The impact of single selection method logging on the tree and shrub diversity in the Hyrcanian forests, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2 (6):2229-2237.
8
Jafari M, 1997. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands of Iran, 121.
9
Marvi-Mohajer MM, 2005, Silviculture, Tehran University Press, Tehran, 380p.
10
Mirshamsi H, 1997. Study of almond in the Yazd province, M.SC Thesis, University of Tehran, 76p.
11
Ravanbakhsh H, Marvie Mohajer M.R, Etemad V, 2012. Natural regeneration of woody species in woodlands of southern slopes of Elborz mountains (case study: Latian watershed), Iranian Journal of Forest, 2(2): 110-125.
12
Rooney T.P, Waller D.M, 2003. Direct and indirect effects of white-tailed deer in forest ecosystems, Forest Ecol. Manage, 181, 165–176.
13
Shakeri Z, Marvi Mohajer M.R, Namiranin M, Etemad V, 2009. Comparison of seedling and coppice regeneration in pruned and undisturbed oak forests of Northern Zagros (Case study: Baneh, Kurdistan province, Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 17(1): 72-84.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of herb diversity in the zagros forest (Case study: Kurdistan province)
Silvicultural operation need to notice the plant species diversity in forest. To this study Gomarlang district in marivan region, northern zagros forest was selected. Selected 100 ha area because have similar physiography condition (north aspect and 1650 to 1800 m s.a.l. In study area 100 micro plots of 5m by 5 m (25 m2) including the species and the numbers of this species randomized-systematic method in the 100×100 Net. Diversity index including Shannon Wiener (H׳), Simpson (1-D) and Margaleff (R1) were used. To analysis of the data, use was Ecological Methodological software. Results showed that 65 herb species observed in the site study. Results indicated that Gramineae, Pappilionaceae and Compositae highest number of species. Bromus tectorum L, Poa spp and Avena sp were dominant herbaceous species, respectively. Herbaceous layer had the highest richness, evenness and diversity. Authors suggested approaching the sustainable forest management focused on the dominant plant in the study area
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_6568_ce88d39a965319df97bb1101444cdc84.pdf
2013-01-01
25
34
Northern zagros
Marivan
Komarlang
species diversity
Tree
Shrub
Herb
Maziar
haidari
1
Young Researchers Club, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abase S, Hosseini SM, Pilehvar B, Zare H, 2009. Effects of conservation on woody species diversity in Oshtorankooh region, Lorestan. Iranian J Forest, 1 (1): 1-10.
1
Aubert M, Alard D, Bureau F, 2003. Diversity of plant Assemblages in managed temperate forests: a case study in Normandy (France), Forest Ecol Manag, 175, 321-337.
2
Barens B.V, D.R Zak, S.R Denton, Spurr S.H, 1998. Forest Ecology, 4 End, John Wiley and Sons Inc, 773p.
3
Brockway DG, 1998. Forest plant diversity at local and landscape scales in the Cascade Mountains of southwestern Washington, Forest Ecol Manag, 109: 323-341.
4
[5] DoE/GOIRI, 2004. Department of Environment of Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Conservation of Biodiversity in the Central Zagros Landscape Conservation Zone, Zagros Project Office.
5
Gholami A, Ejtehadi H, Ghassemzadeh F, Ghorashi-Al-Hosseini J, 2007. Study of Plant Biodiversity around Protected Area of the Bazangan Lake, Iranian J Biol, 19 (4): 398-407.
6
Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Bazyar M, 2012. Structural diversity of oak forests in Kurdistan Province (Case study: Oak forest), IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 4(3): 37-43.
7
Haidari M, Jalilvand H, Haidari R.H, Shabanian N, 2012. Study of Plant Biodiversity in Grazed and Non-grazed Areas in the Iran-o-Turanian Ecological Zones (Case Study: Yazd Province, IRAN), Annals of Biological Research, 3 (11):5019-5027.
8
Hosseini S.A. O, Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Fathizadeh O, 2012. The impact of single selection method logging on the tree and shrub diversity in the Hyrcanian forests, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2 (6):2229-2237.
9
Haidari M, Namiranian M, Gahramani L, Zobeiri M, Shabanian N, 2013. Study of vertical and horizontal forest structure in Northern Zagros Forest (Case study: West of Iran, Oak forest), European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1):268-278.
10
Hashemi S.A, 2010. Evaluating Plant Species Diversity and Physiographical Factors in Natural Broad Leaf Forest, American J. Environmental Sci, 6: 20-25.
11
Jamshidiyan S, 2003. Report of conventional ownerships. In Project of traditional forest management in Havareh khol. Joint project of Daumoon (local NGO) with UNDPGEF/ SGP, Project No. IRA-2002-018 (IRA98G52).
12
Jazirehi M.H, Ebrahimi M, 2003. Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 520p.
13
Kharkwal G, Mehrotra P, Rawat Y.S, Pangtey YPS, 2004. Comparative study of herb layer diversity in pine forest stands at different altitudes of central Himalaya, Appl Ecol Environ Res, 2 (2): 15-24.
14
Krebs C.J, 1989. Ecology: The experimental analysis of distribution and abundance, 2 ed. Harper and Row, New York, 678p.
15
Mirdavoodi, HR, Zahedi Pour H, 2005. Determination of suitable species diversity model for Meghan playa plant association and effect of some ecological factors on diversity change, Pajuhesh & Sazandegi, 68: 56-65.
16
Polyakov M, Majumdar I, Teeter L, 2008. Spatial and temporal analysis of the anthropogenic effects on local diversity of forest trees, Forest Ecol Manag, 255: 1379-1387.
17
Pourhashemi M, Mohajer M.R.M, Zobeiri M, Amiri G.Z, Panah P, 2004. Identification of forest vegetation units in support of government management objectives in Zagros forests, Iran, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 19: 72- 77.
18
Ravanbakhsh M, Ejtehadi H, Pourbabaei H, Ghoreshi-Al-Hoseini J, 2007. Investigation on plants species diversity of Gisoum Talesh Reserve forest, Gilan province, Iran. Iranian J Biol, 20: 218-229.
19
Roberts MR, 2002. Effects of forest plantation management on herbaceouslayer composition and diversity, Canadian J Bot, 80: 378-389.
20
Sagheb-Talebi K, Sajedi T, Yazdian F, 2004. Forests of Iran [in Persian with English summary], Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran.
21
Tian Z, Chenb W, Zhaob C, Chenc Y, Zheng B, 2007. Plant biodiversity and its conservation strategy in the inundation and resettlement districts of the Yangtze Three Gorges, China, Acta Oecologica Sinica, 27: 3110-3118.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of most element of forest destruction by used the IRS-1C and LANDSAT image in the southern zagros forest (Case study: Kohkeloeye and Boveirahmad province)
The Zagros forests (west of Iran) have been highly exploited in recent decades by human impacts. Easy access, abundance and variety of valuable forest yields have led to population growth density, creation of new residential areas and deforestation activities. In order to determinate the distribution and rate of deforestation from 1995 to 2006 by using the satellite imagery (IRS-1C and LANDSAT image) and possibility of modeling the changes extent and its relation to physiographic and some human factors by using multiple regression in the Kohkeloeye and Boveirahmad province, Golestan province. Southern Zagros forest, west of Iran. Classification was performed using maximum likelihood classifiers and forest divided two classes (forest and non – forest). Results showed that the maximum likelihood classifiers exhibited the highest results with 96% overall accuracy and 74% kappa coefficient. The results showed that about 462.5 ha from forest areas were deforested in the 12 years. To determination of major element of forest destruction used the multiple regression methods. According to results distance from road and village variables were in contrary of deforestation expanding. Forest destruction was increased with increasing around populated villages and near of this village.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_6569_51c48d5b9770bd326d3089079de2fc1f.pdf
2013-01-01
35
44
Iran
Deforestation
IRS-1C
Kohkeloeye and Boveirahmad province
Mozhgan
Bazyar
1
M.Sc. Graduate of forestry, University of Gilan, Some-sara, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdolaslam
Bonyad
2
Assistant Prof, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Gilan, Some-sara, Iran
AUTHOR
Sasan
Babaie Kafaki
3
Assistant Prof, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amini M. R, Shataee Joybari S, Moaieri M.H, Ghazanfari H, 2009. Deforestation modeling and investigation on related physiographic and human factors using satellite images and GIS (Case study: Armerdeh forests of Baneh), Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 16(3): 420-433.
1
Andrés V, Fernando R, Rundquist C, 2004. Satellite Change Detection Analysis of Deforestation Rates and Patterns along the Colombia – Ecuador Border, a Journal of the Human Environment, 33(3):118-125.
2
Chakraborty K., 2009. Vegetation change detection in Barak Basin, CURRENT SCIENCE, 96(9): 1236-1242.
3
Fattahi M, 1994. Study on Zagros oak forests and the most important their destruction causes. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Research press, Sanandaj, Iran.
4
Fathizadeh O, Attarod P, Pypker TG, Darvishsefat A.A, Zahedi Amiri G,2012. Seasonal Variability of Rainfall Interception and Canopy Storage Capacity under Individual oak (Quercus brantii) Trees of Western Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 15.
5
Forest and Rangeland Organization of Iran, 2002. Strategies for sustainable forest management in Zagros forests, Technical Report, Forest and Rangeland Organization, Teheran, Iran, 70 p.
6
Ghanbari F, Shataee Sh, 2011. Investigation on Forest Extend Changes Using Aerial Photos and ASTER Imagery (Case Study: Border Forests in South and Southwest of Gorgan City), J. of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 17(4), 1-18.
7
Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Bazyar M, 2012. Structural diversity of oak forests in Kurdistan Province (Case study: Oak forest), IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 4(3): 37-43.
8
Haidari M, Jalilvand H, Haidari R.H, Shabanian N, 2012. Study of Plant Biodiversity in Grazed and Non-grazed Areas in the Iran-o-Turanian Ecological Zones (Case Study: Yazd Province, IRAN), Annals of Biological Research, 3 (11):5019-5027.
9
Hosseini S.A. O, Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Fathizadeh O, 2012. The impact of single selection method logging on the tree and shrub diversity in the Hyrcanian forests, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2 (6):2229-2237.
10
Haidari M, Namiranian M, Gahramani L, Zobeiri M, Shabanian N, 2013. Study of vertical and horizontal forest structure in Northern Zagros Forest (Case study: West of Iran, Oak forest), European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1):268-278.
11
Jazirehi MH, Rostaghi EM, 2002. Silviculture in Zagros, University of Tehran Press, Tehran, Iran, 560p.
12
Marvi-Mohajer MM, 2005. Silviculture, Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran.
13
Miettinen J, Shi C, Liew S.C, 2011. Two decades of destruction in Southeast Asia's peat swamp forests, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10: 124–128.
14
Rafyayan O, Darvishsefat A.A, Namiranian M, 2006. Investigation on Forest Extend Changes in the 1995 to 2002 in hyrcanian forest, J of agriculture and natural resources, 10(3): 277-288.
15
Sussman w, Green M, Sussman K, 1994. Satellite imagery, human ecology, anthropology, and deforestation in Madagascar, Human Ecology, 22(3): 333-354.
16
Tree Society, 2000. Impact of Deforestation. Johannesburg: Tree Society, Who's Trees? A People's View of Forestry Aid. London: Panos Institute.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Color and COD removal from waste water containing acrylic water base color using Fenton's oxidation process
Degradation of acrylic water base color from synthetic wastewater by the Fenton process was performed. Experiments were conducted on the sample containing 100 and 400 mg/l of Acrylic water base color. The study was performed for searching optimum values of FeSO4 and H2O2 concentration, pH and temperature. The H2O2 requirement seems to be related to initial COD of the sample. FeSO4/ H2O2 ratios found were not changed for .the temperature affected the COD removal significantly at high degrees.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_6570_72aaf34961a6e8994f59e127e71198a9.pdf
2013-01-01
45
52
Color and COD removal
acrylic water base color
Fenton's oxidation process
Sh
Moradianfard
sh_moradianfard @yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. Graduated in Environmental Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, shahrekord health center, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
J
Ghorbani
2
University instructor and the invited instructor of National Iranian Oil Company, educational manager of Oil industries and Engineering construction company (OIEC), Iran
AUTHOR
k
Bakhshy
3
BS.c. Degree In Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Iran
AUTHOR
Porter J.J, Sinder E, 1979. Bio degradability of textile chemical, J. Wpcf, 48(9).
1
Sureyya M, Deniz K, Tugba O, 2004. Color and COD removal from wastewater containing Reactive Black 5 using fenton’s oxidation process, J. chemosphere54: 435-441.
2
Kardag D, 1998. Removal of some cationic dyes from a queous solution by Acrylamid/ Itaconic acid hydrogel water, air, soil pollution, 106: 3-69.
3
Sostar S, Simonic M, 2000. Waste water treatment after reactive printing, dyes and pigments, 24: 147-152.
4
Francisco A. P, 2004. Bleaching and photo degradation of textile dyes by H2O2 and Solar or ultraviolet radiation, J. Solar Energy, 77: 29-35.
5
Georgiou D, Melidis P,2002. Degradation of azo – reactive dyes by ultraviolet radiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide; J. Dyeand Pigments, 52: 69-78.
6
Anamaria brites alves, 2000.Ultra filtration for colur removal of tannery dyeing waste waters, J Desalination, 130: 147-157.
7
Marcucc M, Nosenzo G, 2001. Treatment and reuse of textile effluents based on new ultrafiltration and other membrane, J.Desalination, 138: 75- 82.
8
Kang S, 2000. Decolorization of textile waste water by photo – fenton oxidation technology, J. Chemosphere, 41: 1287-1294.
9
Lin sheng H, Jiang Chang D, 2003. fenton Oxidation and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment of high – strength semiconductor waste water, J. Desalination, 154: 107-116.
10
SAPHA AWWAWPCF, 1998. Standard methods for water and wastwwater examination, 20 Th, Edit,
11
Konstantinou Ioannis K, 2004. Tio2- assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in a queous solution: Kinetic and mechanistic in vestigation Areview, J . Applied catalysis Environmental, 49:1-14.
12
Kusvuran E, 2004. Comparison of several advanced oxidation processes for the decolonization of reactive Red 120 azo dye in aqueous solution, J. Hazardous Material, B109: 85-93.
13
Azbar N, Tonar T,2004. comparison of various advanced oxidation processes and chemical treatment methods for COD and color removal from a polyester and acetate fiber dyeing effluent, J. Chemosphere, 55: 35-46.
14
Bob NcElroy, 2002. water borne coating, chemical coating pive., the sherwin – Williams co, Cleveland.
15
American Public Health Association, 1998. Standard method for the examination of water and waste water, Washing ton, DC: American public health Association, APHA/ AwwA/ wpcF.
16
Solvay I, 2001, oxidation of aromatis with hydrogen peroxide, Available at: http:// www. Solvay in trox. Com.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The ability to filter heavy metals of lead, copper and zinc in some species of tree and shrub
Heavy metals found in urban air with its toxic effects have a direct impact on human health. Selection of appropriate tree species and shrub refining capacity of heavy metals in urban areas can greatly reduce the toxic effects of these materials. This study aimed to identify the most suitable tree and shrub species of broadleaf evergreen, deciduous and coniferous refinement of heavy metals lead, copper and zinc in the air in both units and total leaf weight. 12 species of tree and shrub leaves in City Park in Gorgan in summer (August 2010) was sampled. Heavy elements present in the samples were prepared and measured by atomic absorption instrument. The results showed that the performance of the trees in comparison to shrubs refinement of heavy metals lead, copper and zinc were more appropriate. Among the species present for purification of Pb and Zn, refine Shiraz, Magnolia and Cypress Pine copper refinery in Shiraz were the best and Tehran and Palvnya had the best performance for copper.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_6571_997a57934494e257ea2bfff559c357fa.pdf
2013-01-01
53
60
Season
species
absorb
heavy metals
Lead
copper
Zinc
Gorgan province
M.
Daylam-jafarabad
mehdideylam1364@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. student, Gorgan University of agricultural science and natural resource, Gorgan. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
D.
Azadfar
2
Assistant Prof. Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, Gorgan. Iran
AUTHOR
M.H.
Arzanesh
3
Assistant Prof. Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, Gorgan. Iran
AUTHOR
Aksoy A, ztrk M, 1997. Nerium oleander L. as a biomonitor of lead and other heavy metal pollution in Mediterranean environment, Sci. Total Environ, 205, 145-150,
1
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2
Bazyar M, Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, 2013. Impact of physiographical factors on the plant species diversity in the Northern Zagros Forest (Case study, Kurdistan Province, Marivan region), Annals of Biological Research, 4 (1):317-324.
3
Beckett A, 1998. Effective tree species forlcal air quality management, Journal of Arboriculture. 26(1): 221-231.
4
Djingova R, Kuleff I, 1993. Monitoring of heavy metal pollution by Taraxacum officinal. Plants as Biomonitors/Indicator for Heavy Metals in the Terrestrial Environment, Markert B, VCH Publisher, Weinheim, 435-460p.
5
Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Bazyar M, 2012. Structural diversity of oak forests in Kurdistan Province (Case study: Oak forest), IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 4(3): 37-43.
6
Haidari M, Jalilvand H, Haidari R.H, Shabanian N, 2012. Study of Plant Biodiversity in Grazed and Non-grazed Areas in the Iran-o-Turanian Ecological Zones (Case Study: Yazd Province, IRAN), Annals of Biological Research, 3 (11):5019-5027.
7
Hosseini S.A. O, Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Fathizadeh O, 2012. The impact of single selection method logging on the tree and shrub diversity in the Hyrcanian forests, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2 (6):2229-2237.
8
Haidari M, Namiranian M, Gahramani L, Zobeiri M, Shabanian N, 2013. Study of vertical and horizontal forest structure in Northern Zagros Forest (Case study: West of Iran, Oak forest), European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1):268-278.
9
Khademi A, 2010. The role of deciduous tree species (sycamore and ash) in the reduction of lead pollution, Journal of Natural Resources Science and Technology, 5(1): 1-12.
10
Mignorance M, Rossini Oliva S, 2006. Heavy metals content in oleander leaves as urban pollution assessment, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 119: 57–68
11
Nowak D, Daniel E, 2006. Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in United Stataes, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 4:115-123.
12
Rosselli w, Keller C, 2003. Phytoextraction capacity of trees growing on a metal contaminated soil, Plant and Soil, 256.265–272.
13
Sengupta S, Chatterjee T, Ghosh P. B, Sarkar S, Saha T, 2011. Heavy metal contamination in leaves of Mangifera indica around a coal fired thermal power plant in India, Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 3(14),446-454.
14
Tomasevic M, Vukmirovic Z, Rajsic S, Tasic M, Stevanovic B, 2005. Characterization of trace metal particles deposited on some deciduous tree leaves in an urban area, Elsevier, V. 61, 753–760.
15
Zare SA, Karimi S, 2009. Principles of Urban Forestry, Publications eyelids, 202 p.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling of Suitability Iranian Oak site for establish of coppice regeneration in Zagros forest
To modeling of Suitability Iranian Oak site to establish coppice regenerations, chahartagh forest reserve, Ardal region, chaharmehal and Bakhtiari Province, southern Zagros forest, and southwest Iranian state was selected. To modeling Suitability Iranian Oak used the physiographic element, soil depth, climatology and distance from village selected. To this study used the raster formats by pixel size 20 meter and data convert to this size and physiographic and other parameter extracted. The element have negative impact on the Oak condition was negative score. By used the table of score and range of score detected the site condition. Site condition divided the high un-appropriate, un-appropriate, average, appropriate and high appropriate. Results showed that the 40 percent of study area are appropriate and high appropriate condition for established the seed regeneration. Overall Results showed that the approximately of 40 percent of study area have a suitable condition for regeneration. Prevention of livestock grazing and irregular tree cutting in the degraded forest stands can be suggested as a suitable approach for natural restoration and increasing plant diversity and regenerations.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_6572_0d819d07b7be40d4f7297d2c34404351.pdf
2013-01-01
61
70
Iran
Chaharmehal and Bakhtiari Province
Zagros forest
Iranian oak site
Yousef
Askari
yousef.askari@gmail.com
1
Ph.D Student of Forestry, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad kazem
Parsapour
2
M.Sc. Graduate of Forestry, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Hosseni
3
M.Sc. Graduate of Forestry, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Forest and Rangeland Organization of Iran, 2002. Strategies for sustainable forest management in Zagros forests, Technical Report, Forest and Rangeland Organization, Teheran, Iran, 70 p.
1
Ghazanfari H, Namiranian M, Sobhani H, MarviMohajer M.R, 2004. Traditional forest management and its application to encourage public participation for sustainable forest management in the northern Zagros mountain of Kurdistan province, Iran, Scandinavian Journal of forest science, 19, 65-71.
2
Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Bazyar M, 2012. Structural diversity of oak forests in Kurdistan Province (Case study: Oak forest), IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 4(3): 37-43.
3
Haidari M, Jalilvand H, Haidari R.H, Shabanian N, 2012. Study of Plant Biodiversity in Grazed and Non-grazed Areas in the Iran-o-Turanian Ecological Zones (Case Study: Yazd Province, IRAN), Annals of Biological Research, 3 (11):5019-5027.
4
Hosseini S.A. O, Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, Fathizadeh O, 2012. The impact of single selection method logging on the tree and shrub diversity in the Hyrcanian forests, European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2 (6):2229-2237.
5
Haidari M, Namiranian M, Gahramani L, Zobeiri M, Shabanian N, 2013. Study of vertical and horizontal forest structure in Northern Zagros Forest (Case study: West of Iran, Oak forest), European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1):268-278.
6
Jazirehi MH, Rostaghi EM, 2003. Silviculture in Zagros. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, 520p.
7
Magurran A.E, 1988.Ecological diversity and measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 354p.
8
Mirdavoodi HR, Zahedi Pour H, 2006. Determination of suitable species diversity model for Meghan playa plant association and effect of some ecological factors on diversity change. Pajuhesh & Sazandegi j, 68, 56-65.
9
Aubert M, Alard D, Bureau F, 2004. . Diversity of plant Assemblages in managed temperate forests: a case study in Normandy (France), Forest Ecol Manag, 175, 321-337.
10
Baev PV, Penev LD, BIODIV. Program for calculating biological diversity parameters, similarity, niche overlap.
11
Ardakani MR. 2004, Ecology. Tehran University Press, 340.
12
Bazyar M, Haidari M, Shabanian N, Haidari R.H, 2013. Impact of physiographical factors on the plant species diversity in the Northern Zagros Forest (Case study, Kurdistan Province, Marivan region), Annals of Biological Research, 4 (1):317-324.
13
Fattahi M, 1994. Study on Zagros oak forests and the most important their destruction causes, Institute of Forests and Rangelands Research press, Sanandaj, Iran.
14
Najafifar A, 2006. Selection of forest species based on ecological capability of afforestation units in Zagross region: Case study of watershed of Sarab Darehshahr in Ilam province, Pajouhesh & Sazandegi Journal in the natural resource, 75: 28-36.
15
Najafifar A, 2010. Proposal of a forest physical model for ecological capability evaluation in Zagros vegetation zone (Case study: Masby region, Abadan city, Ilam province), Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18(3): 404-416.
16
Najafifar A, 2011. Sexual regeneration frequency of forest species in Zagros area in relation to different ecological factors in Ilam province, Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(2), 278-290.
17
Najafifar A, 2011, the role of land use planning in optimal management of Zagros forests (Case study: Sarab Darrehshahr catchment, Ilam province), Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(4), 509-522.
18
Namiranian M, Maleknia R. Feghhi J, 2010. Effective factors on distribution of coppice and high forests in traditional forestry of central Zagros (Case study: Customary properties of Sarableh and Cheshmeh Khazaneh), Journal of Forest and Wood Products (JFWP), Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 62(4), 429-441.
19
Karami O, Hosseini Nasr S.M, Jalilvand H, Miryaghubzadeh M, 2001, Ecological Capability Evaluation of Babolrood Watershed using Geographic Information System, J. of Wood & Forest Science and Technology, 19(1), 1-22.
20
Bordbar K, Sagheb-Talebi Kh, Hamzehpour M, Joukar L, Pakparvar M, Impact of environmental factors on distribution and some quantitative characteristics of Manna Oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in Fars province, Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18(3): 390-404.
21
Basiri R, Sohrabi H, Mozayen M, 2006. A Statistical Analysis of the Spatial Pattern of Trees Species in Ghamisheleh Marivan Region, Iran, Journal of the Iranian Natural Res, 59(2): 579 - 588 .
22
Jahanbazi gojani H, Ahmadi Karori S, Talebi M, 1998. Researches planning of natural resource, Iran, 87p.
23
Hosseini A, 2009. Dynamic of Oak seed regeneration in the zagros forest, Journal of Iranian natural ecosystems, 1(1):1-12.
24
Parma R, Shataee Jouybari Sh, 2010. Impact of physiographic and human factors on crown cover and diversity of woody species in the Zagros forests (Case study: Ghalajeh forests, Kermanshah province), Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18(4): 537-555.
25
Hosseini A, Moayeri M.H, Haidari H, 2008. Effect of site elevation on natural regeneration and other characters of oak in the Hyanan forest, J.Agric.Sci.Natur.Resour, 15(1):1-11.
26
Mahdavi A, Heydari M, Eshaghi Rad J, 2010. Investigation on biodiversity and richness of plant species in relation to physiography and physic-chemical properties of soil in Kabirkoh protected area, Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 18(3): 425-436
27
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28
Salehi A, Mohammadi A, Safari A, 2011. Investigation and comparison of physical and chemical soil properties and quantitative characteristics of trees in less-damaged and damaged area of Zagross forests (Case study: Poldokhtar, Lorestan province), Iranian Journal of Forest, 3(1): 80-89.
29
Talebi M, Sagheb-Talebi Kh, Jahanbazi H, 2004. Site demands and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Persian Oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.)In Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province (western Iran), Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 14(1): 68-81.
30
Alijanpour A, Banj Shafiei A, Eshaghi Rad J, 2010. Investigation of natural regeneration characteristics in west oak forests within different levels of site factors (case study: Piranshahr region), Iranian Journal of Forest, 2(3): 208-219.
31
Mosadegh A, 1996, Silviculture, University of Tehran, Iran, 481p.
32
Mahdavi A, Heydari M, Bastam R, 2010, Vegetation in relation to some edaphic and physiographic characteristics of site (case study: Kabirkuh Ilam), Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 17(4): 526-539.
33
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34
Mirzaei J, Tabari S, 2006. Comparison of natural regenerated woody species in relation to physiographic and soil factors in Zagros forests (Case study: Arghavan reservoir in north of Ilam province), Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 77: 16-23
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of species diversity of trees and shrubs using ETM+ sensor data (Case study of forests in Qalajeh Kermanshah province)
The use of remote sensing techniques as a suitable solution to estimate the levels of species diversity is of high importance for the sustainable management of forests. In order to investigate the potential of using sensor data from Landsat 7 ETM+ to estimate species diversity in the Zagros forests, digital data related to the August 7, 2002 from forests in the Qalajeh Kermanshah Province were analyzed. To this end, 114 sample plots were created using a systematic method. The plots had the dimensions 60 × 60 m and were positioned using a GPS device. The number of features, species, DBH and crown diameter in two directions, North-South and West-East harvest, were recorded. The Shannon-Wiener species diversity index per sample plot was calculated. After testing for normalization using the Kolmogorov–Smironov test, the Shannon-Wiener index was used as the dependent variable, and spectral values from original and synthetic bands from different processing on the ETM + data were used as the independent variables. The Pearson correlation was used to select the best bands among 40 major and artificial bands, and three-bands (ETM4, NDVI and MSAVI2) were selected. To analyze the relationship between species diversity and these bands, the best subset regression was used. The results showed that the combination of linear regression, in which ETM4, NDVI and MSAVI2 were set as the independent variables, compared to other bands and compounds that were used for species, are better able to estimate the tree and shrub diversities (Radj2=0.327). The results of this study indicate that ETM+ sensor data has a relatively low ability to estimate species diversity of trees and shrubs in the study area that was analyzed.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_6573_8d32aae04c8ed07fcd3646fe2d197d8f.pdf
2013-01-01
71
78
ETM+
Regression model
species diversity
Zagros
Qalajeh
Rohollah
Parma
parma.rohollah@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. Graduated of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shaban
Shataee
2
Associate Professor of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Jazeerei M. H, Ebrahimi Rostaghi M, 2003. Zagros Silviculture, Tehran University Publications, No. 2633. 560p.
1
Rezai A. M, Soltani A, 1382. Introduction to Applied Regression Analysis Center, Isfahan UniversityPress,294p.
2
Sepehri A, Motaghi M. R, 2002. TM sensor indicator plants used in estimating the percentage of vegetation cover within pastures pilgrimage Gorgan), MSc. thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 87 p.
3
Fattahi M, 2005. Forests management techniques, Journal of Rural, Third Year, 52:23-42.
4
Komela B. H, 2008. Review possible indicators of plant used in the study of plant diversity (case study area ranges pilgrimage Gorgan), MSc. thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan, 87 p.
5
Mohammadi J, Chitsaz , 2002. Compare Geostatistics estimation of linear regression and statistical characteristics of the soil surface by using a sensor to TM, Journal Research Soil and Water Sciences, 2(16), 205-196.
6
Mohammad J, Shataee Sh , Habashi H, Yaghmaei F, 2008. Comparison of remote sensing and land statistics estimate the number of trees per hectare (case study oak forests Loveh Gorgan), Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan, 1(15): 10-21.
7
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8
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10
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13
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14
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15
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20
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21
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22
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31
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32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Providing a essay about: study on the spatial pattern of biodiversity caused by implementing agroforestry methods
Forests are biologically diverse systems, representing some of the richest biological areas on Earth. They offer a variety of habitats for plants, animals and micro-organisms. However, forest biodiversity is increasingly threatened as a result of deforestation, fragmentation, climate change and other stressors. Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or on the entire Earth. Hypothesis of this paper is method of investigation in agro biodiversity for conservation biodiversity beside economic products. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems. The biodiversity found on Earth today consists of many millions of distinct biological species. The year 2010 has been declared as the International Year of Biodiversity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth, but is consistently rich in the tropics and in specific localized regions such as the Cape Floristic Province; it is less rich in Polar Regions where fewer species are found. Research on biodiversity has been investigated in the species diversity level. The objective of these researches was to study of every plant dispersion spatially woody plants and biodiversity of associated woody species in forests. In addition, type of woody species identified and is documented. Shannon-Wiener ̓s and Simpson ̓s diversity indices are used for evaluating of woody species diversity; also, evenness and richness indices will be calculated. For detecting relationships between diversity indices with richness and evenness, correlation of Simpson s index with its evenness and etc must be analysed. D is Simpson ̓s index and N2 is N2HILL that is applied for very abundant species. H is Shannon-Wiener ̓s index and N1 is McArthur is applied for abundant species. In order to provide a research we can apply every index of biodiversity and spatial pattern formulas to appraisal diversity in agroforestry and other methods such as agro sylvo pasture, aqua forestry and wood culture. In developing countries agroforestry compilation and match of culture in farming must be side conservation on biodiversity.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_6574_72067be8e215791a8c704dca3bb0687a.pdf
2013-01-01
79
85
Agroforestry
Biodiversity
Forest
Hamid
Ahani
ahani1977@gmail.com
1
PhD Candidate of Forestry, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamid
Jalilvand
2
Associate Professor of Forest Ecology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
AUTHOR
Condit R.,Pitman N., Leigh E. G., Chave J., Terborgh J., Foster R.B., Núñez P., Aguilar S., Valencia R., Villa G., Muller-Landau H.C., Losos E., Hubbell S.P., 2010. Beta Diversity in Tropical Forest Trees. Italy.
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Clark J. S., 2010. Individuals and the Variation Needed for High Species Diversity in Forest Trees. Science, Vol. 327 No. 5969
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Franco D., Francob D., Manninoa I., Zanettob G., 2002.The impact of agroforestry networks on scenic beauty estimation: The role of a landscape ecological network on a socio-cultural process.
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Pourbabaei, H & Ahani, H, 2003. Biodiversity of woody species in Acer platanoides L. sites in in the Shafaroud forests, Guilan. ISI Journal of Rostaniha, vol 18, 2. Fifth year.
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12